Preparing for downstream tasks in AI for dental radiology: a baseline performance comparison of deep learning models.

Objectives: To compare the performance of the convolutional neural network (CNN) with the vision transformer (ViT) and the gated multilayer perceptron (gMLP) in the classification of radiographic images of dental structures.

Methods: Retrospectively collected 2-dimensional images derived from cone beam computed tomographic volumes were used to train CNN, ViT and gMLP architectures as classifiers for 4 different cases. Cases selected for training the architectures were the classification of the radiographic appearance of maxillary sinuses, maxillary and mandibular incisors, presence or absence of the mental foramen and the positional relationship of the mandibular third molar to the inferior alveolar nerve canal.

Nanoscale organization of cardiac calcium channels is dependent on thyroid hormone status.

Thyroid hormone dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with chronic illnesses including heart failure, which increases the risk of adverse events. This study examined the effects of thyroid hormones (THs) on cardiac transverse-tubule (TT) integrity, Ca sparks, and nanoscale organization of ion channels in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, including L-type calcium channel (Ca1.2), ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2), and junctophilin-2 (Jph2).

Deep learning for blood glucose level prediction: How well do models generalize across different data sets?

Deep learning-based models for predicting blood glucose levels in diabetic patients can facilitate proactive measures to prevent critical events and are essential for closed-loop control therapy systems. However, selecting appropriate models from the literature may not always yield conclusive results, as the choice could be influenced by biases or misleading evaluations stemming from different methodologies, datasets, and preprocessing techniques. This study aims to compare and comprehensively analyze the performance of various deep learning models across diverse datasets to assess their applicability and generalizability across a broader spectrum of scenarios.

Reference Information Model and Interoperable Architecture for Digital Health Twins: A Position Paper.

Digital Health Twins (DHTs) hold immense potential to revolutionize healthcare by providing personalized virtual models of individual patients and their health conditions. This position paper discusses about the needs to overcoming the challenges in standardization and information models for data integration, collection, and visualization for realizing the full potential with digital twin technology. By addressing these challenges, digital health twins can enable better decision-making, enhance patient care, and contribute to the advancement of personalized healthcare solutions.

The WHO atlas for female-genital schistosomiasis: Co-design of a practicable diagnostic guide, digital support and training.

Up to 56 million young and adult women of African origin suffer from Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS). The transmission of schistosomiasis happens through contact with schistosomiasis infested fresh water in rivers and lakes. The transmission vector is the snail that releases immature worms capable of penetrating the human skin.

Semantic representation and comparative analysis of physical activity sensor observations using MOX2-5 sensor in real and synthetic datasets: a proof-of-concept-study.

The widespread use of devices like mobile phones and wearables allows for automatic monitoring of human daily activities, generating vast datasets that offer insights into long-term human behavior. A structured and controlled data collection process is essential to unlock the full potential of this information. While wearable sensors for physical activity monitoring have gained significant traction in healthcare, sports science, and fitness applications, securing diverse and comprehensive datasets for research and algorithm development poses a notable challenge.

Virtual prenatal care: A systematic review of pregnant women's and healthcare professionals' experiences, needs, and preferences for quality care.

Introduction: Exploitation of telehealth in prenatal care has the potential to reduce the access barrier to care and empower women to participate in their own care. This review aims to assess the practical implications of virtual prenatal care and identify the needs and experiences associated with it.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in four electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane.

ProHealth eCoach: user-centered design and development of an eCoach app to promote healthy lifestyle with personalized activity recommendations.

Background: Regular physical activity (PA), healthy habits, and an appropriate diet are recommended guidelines to maintain a healthy lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle can help to avoid chronic diseases and long-term illnesses. A monitoring and automatic personalized lifestyle recommendation system (i.

Digital Interventions on Healthy Lifestyle Management: Systematic Review.

Background: Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization. They have gained acknowledgment in interventions for the management of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we are reviewing existing conceptual frameworks, digital intervention approaches, and associated methods to identify the impact of digital intervention on adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Low (thyroid hormone receptor beta) Promoter Methylation Levels in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Induced By Systematic Inflammation Are Involved in Low Thyroid Hormone Function in Metabolic Syndrome.

[Figure: see text].

Triiodothyronine maintains cardiac transverse-tubule structure and function.

Subclinical hypothyroidism and low T3 syndrome are commonly associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We examined effects of T3 on T-tubule (TT) structures, Ca mobilization and contractility, and clustering of dyadic proteins. Thyroid hormone (TH) deficiency was induced in adult female rats by propyl-thiouracil (PTU; 0.

Chronic dantrolene treatment attenuates cardiac dysfunction and reduces atrial fibrillation inducibility in a rat myocardial infarction heart failure model.

Background: Cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) dysfunction and elevated diastolic Ca leak have been linked to arrhythmogenesis not only in inherited arrhythmia syndromes but also in acquired forms of heart disease including heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, stabilizing RyR2 may exert therapeutic effects in these conditions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stabilizing RyR2 with chronic dantrolene treatment on HF development and AF inducibility in a myocardial infarction (MI)-induced HF model in rats.

An Automatic Ontology-Based Approach to Support Logical Representation of Observable and Measurable Data for Healthy Lifestyle Management: Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Lifestyle diseases, because of adverse health behavior, are the foremost cause of death worldwide. An eCoach system may encourage individuals to lead a healthy lifestyle with early health risk prediction, personalized recommendation generation, and goal evaluation. Such an eCoach system needs to collect and transform distributed heterogenous health and wellness data into meaningful information to train an artificially intelligent health risk prediction model.

Ignoring a basic pathophysiological mechanism of heart failure progression will not make it go away.

A link between heart failure (HF) and low thyroid hormone (TH) function has been known for over a century. Nonetheless, there is a general belief that TH treatment of patients with HF may not be worth the risk. This is largely based on two clinical trials where heart patients were treated with excessive doses of TH analogs, not actual THs.

Human Coaching Methodologies for Automatic Electronic Coaching (eCoaching) as Behavioral Interventions With Information and Communication Technology: Systematic Review.

Background: We systematically reviewed the literature on human coaching to identify different coaching processes as behavioral interventions and methods within those processes. We then reviewed how those identified coaching processes and the used methods can be utilized to improve an electronic coaching (eCoaching) process for the promotion of a healthy lifestyle with the support of information and communication technology (ICT).

Objective: This study aimed to identify coaching and eCoaching processes as behavioral interventions and the methods behind these processes.

Cardioprotection by triiodothyronine following caloric restriction via long noncoding RNAs.

Severe caloric-restriction compromises thyroid hormone (TH) status, apparently to save energy and proteins for enduring stress stimulus. However, a persistent decrease in TH levels may compromise heart function. We hypothesized that supplementation of low dose active TH or targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha, HIF-1α (a strong activator of deiodinase enzyme that degrades peripheral active THs) will prevent deterioration of cardiac performance.

Statistical Explorations and Univariate Timeseries Analysis on COVID-19 Datasets to Understand the Trend of Disease Spreading and Death.

"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)", the novel coronavirus, is responsible for the ongoing worldwide pandemic. "World Health Organization (WHO)" assigned an "International Classification of Diseases (ICD)" code-"COVID-19"-as the name of the new disease. Coronaviruses are generally transferred by people and many diverse species of animals, including birds and mammals such as cattle, camels, cats, and bats.

Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Obesity and Overweight-A Machine Learning Overview.

Social determining factors such as the adverse influence of globalization, supermarket growth, fast unplanned urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, economy, and social position slowly develop behavioral risk factors in humans. Behavioral risk factors such as unhealthy habits, improper diet, and physical inactivity lead to physiological risks, and "obesity/overweight" is one of the consequences. "Obesity and overweight" are one of the major lifestyle diseases that leads to other health conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cancer, diabetes type II, hypertension, and depression.

Chronic Dantrolene Treatment Does Not Affect Hypertension, but Attenuates Sympathetic Stimulation Enhanced Atrial Fibrillation Inducibility in SHR.

Background: Ryanodine receptor (RyR) dysfunction in skeletal muscle (RyR1) leads to malignant hyperthermia, and in cardiac muscle (RyR2) triggers cardiac arrhythmias. We hypothesized that RyR dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle could increase vascular resistance and hypertension, and may contribute to increased atrial fibrillation (AF) in hypertension. Thus, stabilizing RyR function with chronic dantrolene treatment may attenuate hypertension and AF inducibility in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

[Morbidity and Mortality of Single Incision Cholecystectomy: Results of a 3-Year Register Analysis].

Introduction: Two decades ago, single-incision surgery was established as a new concept in minimally invasive surgery. Single incision cholecystectomy is the most frequently performed procedure in clinical routine. Most of the results have been based on randomised trials.

Adverse transverse-tubule remodeling in a rat model of heart failure is attenuated with low-dose triiodothyronine treatment.

Pre-clinical animal studies have shown that triiodothyronine (T3) replacement therapy improves cardiac contractile function after myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that T3 treatment could prevent adverse post-infarction cardiomyocyte remodeling by maintaining transverse-tubule (TT) structures, thus improving calcium dynamics and contractility. METHODS: Myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgeries were performed on female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 12 wks), followed by treatment with T3 (5μg/kg/d) or vehicle in drinking water for 16 wks (n = 10-11/group).

Triiodothyronine Reduces Vascular Dysfunction Associated with Hypertension by Attenuating Protein Kinase G/Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein Signaling.

Vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension comprises hypercontractility and impaired vasodilation. We have previously demonstrated that triiodothyronine (T3), the active form of thyroid hormone, has vasodilatory effects acting through rapid onset mechanisms. In the present study, we examined whether T3 mitigates vascular dysfunction associated with hypertension.