Partial synthesis of ganglioside and lysoganglioside lipoforms as internal standards for MS quantification.

Within recent years, ganglioside patterns have been increasingly analyzed by MS. However, internal standards for calibration are only available for gangliosides GM1, GM2, and GM3. For this reason, we prepared homologous internal standards bearing nonnatural fatty acids of the major mammalian brain gangliosides GM1, GD1a, GD1b, GT1b, and GQ1b, and of the tumor-associated gangliosides GM2 and GD2.

[Quality management: implementation of the "in-hospital" emergency protocol into clinical routine].

Background And Purpose: Outcome after in-hospital resuscitation with survival rates between 14-17% still remains poor. Structured documentation of in-hospital cardiac arrest especially in Germany is rare and inhomogeneous. Documentation of in-hospital emergency situations (I-ES) may help to develop organizational structures, to collect information of treatment after resuscitation and therefore, improve patient's outcome.