"It would Never have Happened Without the Pandemic": Understanding the Lived Experience of Individuals who Increased Their Online Gambling Participation.

The gambling landscape was profoundly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increase in online gambling participation. This growth raises concerns about the potential harms associated with online gambling. This qualitative study aims to understand the lived experiences of gamblers whose participation in online gambling increased due to the pandemic.

Criminal Code reform of HIV non-disclosure is urgently needed: Social science perspectives on the harms of HIV criminalization in Canada.

The criminalization of HIV non-disclosure represents a significant issue of concern among people living with HIV, those working across the HIV sector, public health practitioners, and health and human rights advocates around the world. Recently, the government of Canada began a review of the criminal law regarding HIV non-disclosure and invited feedback from the public about potential reforms to the Criminal Code. In light of this public consultation, this commentary examines social science research from Canadian scholars that documents the intersecting damaging effects of HIV criminalization.

Using machine learning to retrospectively predict self-reported gambling problems in Quebec.

Background And Aims: Participating in online gambling is associated with an increased risk for experiencing gambling-related harms, driving calls for more effective, personalized harm prevention initiatives. Such initiatives depend on the development of models capable of detecting at-risk online gamblers. We aimed to determine whether machine learning algorithms can use site data to detect retrospectively at-risk online gamblers indicated by the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).

Diamond formation kinetics in shock-compressed C─H─O samples recorded by small-angle x-ray scattering and x-ray diffraction.

Extreme conditions inside ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune can result in peculiar chemistry and structural transitions, e.g., the precipitation of diamonds or superionic water, as so far experimentally observed only for pure C─H and HO systems, respectively.

Electronic transport coefficients from density functional theory across the plasma plane.

We investigate the thermopower and Lorenz number of hydrogen with Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) across the plasma plane toward the near-classical limit, i.e., weakly degenerate and weakly coupled states.

Ionization and transport in partially ionized multicomponent plasmas: Application to atmospheres of hot Jupiters.

We study ionization and transport processes in partially ionized multicomponent plasmas. The plasma composition is calculated via a system of coupled mass-action laws. The electronic transport properties are determined by the electron-ion and electron-neutral transport cross sections.

Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of H-HO mixtures.

The miscibility gap in hydrogen-water mixtures is investigated by conducting Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo simulations with analytical two-body interaction potentials between the molecular species. We calculate several demixing curves at pressures below 150 kbar and temperatures of 1000 K ≤T≤ 2000 K. Despite the approximations introduced by the two-body interaction potentials, our results predict a large miscibility gap in hydrogen-water mixtures at similar conditions as found in experiments.

Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of H_{2}-He mixtures.

We explore the performance of the Gibbs-ensemble Monte Carlo simulation technique by calculating the miscibility gap of H_{2}-He mixtures with analytical exponential-six potentials. We calculate several demixing curves for pressures up to 500 kbar and for temperatures up to 1800K and predict a H_{2}-He miscibility diagram for the solar He abundance for temperatures up to 1500K and determine the demixing region. Our results are in good agreement with ab initio simulations in the nondissociated region of the phase diagram.

Paramagnetic-to-Diamagnetic Transition in Dense Liquid Iron and Its Influence on Electronic Transport Properties.

The electrical σ and thermal conductivity λ of liquid iron are calculated with spin-polarized density-functional-theory-based simulations over a significant pressure and temperature range using the Kubo-Greenwood formalism. We show that a paramagnetic state is stable in the liquid up to high temperatures at ambient pressure and that the discrepancy between experimental results and spin-degenerate simulations for σ and λ of more than 30% are reduced to within 10% with lower values resulting from the spin-polarized simulations. Along the 3700 K isotherm, we explore the persistence of magnetic fluctuations toward high densities, and beyond 20-50 GPa the liquid becomes diamagnetic, which suggests the existence of a continuous paramagnetic-to-diamagnetic transition.

The HIV self-testing debate: where do we stand?

Background: Emphasis on HIV testing as a gateway to prevention, treatment and care has grown tremendously over the past decade. In turn, this emphasis on testing has created a demand for new policies, programs, and technologies that can potentially increase access to and uptake of HIV testing. HIV self-testing (HST) technologies have gained important momentum following the approval of the over-the-counter self-tests in the United States, the UK, and France.

Ab initio calculation of thermodynamic potentials and entropies for superionic water.

We construct thermodynamic potentials for two superionic phases of water [with body-centered cubic (bcc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) oxygen lattice] using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD). For this purpose, a generic expression for the free energy of warm dense matter is developed and parametrized with equation of state data from the DFT-MD simulations. A second central aspect is the accurate determination of the entropy, which is done using an approximate two-phase method based on the frequency spectra of the nuclear motion.

Free energy model for solid high-pressure phases of carbon.

Analytic free energy models for three solid high-pressure phases--diamond, body centered cubic phase with eight atoms in the unit cell (BC8), and simple cubic (SC)--are developed using density functional theory. We explicitly include anharmonic effects by performing molecular dynamics simulations and investigate their density and temperature dependence in detail. Anharmonicity in the nuclear motion shifts the phase transitions significantly compared to the harmonic approximation.

Equation of state and phase diagram of ammonia at high pressures from ab initio simulations.

We present an equation of state as well as a phase diagram of ammonia at high pressures and high temperatures derived from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The predicted phases of ammonia are characterized by analyzing diffusion coefficients and structural properties. Both the phase diagram and the subsequently computed Hugoniot curves are compared to experimental results.

Do canadian researchers and the lay public prioritize biomedical research outcomes equally? A choice experiment.

Purpose: To quantify and compare the preferences of researchers and laypeople in Canada regarding the outcomes of basic biomedical research.

Method: In autumn 2010, the authors conducted a cross-sectional, national survey of basic biomedical researchers funded by Canada's national health research agency and a representative sample of Canadian citizens to assess preferences for research outcomes across five attributes using a discrete choice experiment. Attributes included advancing scientific knowledge (assessed by published papers); building research capacity (assessed by trainees); informing decisions in the health products industry (assessed by patents); targeting economic, health, or scientific priorities; and cost.

Public health intelligence and the detection of potential pandemics.

This article considers contemporary developments in public health intelligence (PHI), especially their focus on health events of pandemic potential. It argues that the sociological study of PHI can yield important insights for the sociology of pandemics. PHI aims to detect health events as (or even before) they unfold.

Leveraging the "living laboratory": on the emergence of the entrepreneurial hospital.

For years, scholars have debated the "commercial ethos" in higher education, and the rise of the entrepreneurial university. But what of the "entrepreneurial hospital"? Largely unnoticed by scholars, this unique organisational form differs from the entrepreneurial university in some significant ways, not least in its capacity to use its innovations, and to count patients-and even patient populations-amongst its human capital. Accordingly, this article provides an initial conceptualisation of the entrepreneurial hospital, along with an exploration of its larger implications.

Dynamical screening and ionic conductivity in water from ab initio simulations.

We present a method to calculate ionic conductivities of complex fluids from ab initio simulations. This is achieved by combining density functional theory molecular dynamics simulations with polarization theory. Conductivities are then obtained via a Green-Kubo formula using time-dependent effective charges of electronically screened ions.

Estimating the quantum effects from molecular vibrations of water under high pressures and temperatures.

We present a simple model which estimates the influence of quantum effects from molecular vibrations on the equation of state of water under high pressures and temperatures. This model is combined with an ab initio equation of state of water generated by quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) simulations employing density functional theory for the electrons and a classical algorithm for the ions. We calculate the specific heat capacity as well as the principal Hugoniot curve, especially the Hugoniot temperature, in accordance with experiments.