Benefits of Meeting the Healthy People 2030 Youth Sports Participation Target.

Introduction: Healthy People 2030, a U.S. government health initiative, has indicated that increasing youth sports participation to 63.

Commentary: Demystifying Doppler - revisiting a vital diagnostic tool.

Doppler is the most commonly utilised vascular assessment tool by podiatrists in Australia and the United Kingdom. Doppler is a key component of many international guidelines for vascular assessment. Used alongside pressure measurements such as ankle and toe-brachial indices, Doppler assists podiatrists to diagnose, triage and subsequently manage patients with peripheral arterial disease.

A commentary on podiatry during the Covid-19 pandemic : Podiatry during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: The arrival of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has impacted the many aspects of modern life, especially, in the immediate term, the delivery of healthcare.

Context: This commentary examines the profession of podiatry and how it has adapted and responded to the emerging crisis. It focusses on but is not exclusive to the position in the United Kingdom (UK) and the edicts and direction from the UK Government.

Lower limb vascular assessment techniques of podiatrists in the United Kingdom: a national survey.

Background: Podiatric vascular assessment practices in the United Kingdom (UK) are currently unknown. This study aimed to describe the current practices for performing lower limb vascular assessments by podiatrists in the UK, and, to investigate the effect of practitioner characteristics, including education level and practice setting, on the choice of tests used for these assessments.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational online survey of registered podiatrists in the UK was conducted using SurveyMonkey® between 1st of July and 5th of October 2018.

Management of peripheral arterial disease in diabetes: a national survey of podiatry practice in the United Kingdom.

Background: We aimed to investigate podiatry practice in diagnosing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in diabetes, decision making once PAD is suspected and limitations of referral pathways.

Methods: A survey, comprising 26 questions was distributed to podiatrists across the UK via mailing lists of collaborating organizations including the College of Podiatry (UK). Response rates were estimated based on NHS workforce data.

Survey of ultrasound practice amongst podiatrists in the UK.

Background: Ultrasound in podiatry practice encompasses musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, vascular hand-held Doppler ultrasound and therapeutic ultrasound. Sonography practice is not regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), with no requirement to hold a formal qualification. The College of Podiatry does not currently define ultrasound training and competencies.

"No more amputations": a complex scientific problem and a challenge for effective preventive strategy implementation on vascular field.

Lower limb vascular amputations represent serious problem in the vascular care. As a consequence of critical limb ischemia, often associated with diabetes, it is highly critical to health care service aiming at prevention of limb loss. Understanding of the nature and complexity of amputation scenario is paramount for the effective preventive strategy planning and implementation.

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Additions to Cyclopent-1-enecarbaldehyde: A Critical Assessment of Organocatalytic Approaches towards the Telaprevir Bicyclic Core.

In the context of a programme directed at the manufacture of telaprevir, eight possible approaches to its bicyclic α-amino acid core, based on organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate additions to cyclopent-1-enecarbaldehyde, were identified and preliminarily explored. Four reactions, delivering advanced intermediates en route to the target amino acid, were selected for a thorough optimisation. Three of this reactions involved iminium ion catalysis with a prolinol catalyst (addition of nitromethane, nitroacetate and acetamidomalonate) and one was based on a Cinchona-derived phase-transfer catalyst (addition of glycine imines).

An enantioselective formal synthesis of montelukast sodium.

A formal synthesis of the antiasthma drug montelukast sodium is described, wherein the key chiral diol intermediate was accessed with greater convergence of the C-C bond-forming steps as compared to previous routes. Improved synthetic efficiency was achieved by deploying homogeneous metal-based catalysis in two pivotal steps. In the first, a tandem Mizoroki-Heck reaction and double-bond isomerization between a previously known allyl alcohol intermediate and a hindered 2-(2-halophenyl)propan-2-ol secured direct access to the 3-(2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)phenyl)-1-phenylpropan-1-one moiety in the product.

The role of the community clinician in early detection, referral and treatment of critical limb ischaemia.

Critical limb ischaemia (CLI) is a significant public health issue worldwide, with an ever-growing incidence among people over 65. Awareness of CLI is low, particularly among non-vascular clinicians, leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. A diagnosis of CLI is known to have a grave effect on a person's quality of life, with devastating outcomes for both their life and limb, often resulting in uncontrolled pain, amputation or early death from a cardiovascular event.

Dynamic kinetic resolution of dehydrocoronamic acid.

Dehydrocoronamic acid can be racemised by dehydration of an N-acyl derivative to an azlactone, which undergoes facile racemisation. For the N-trifluoroacetyl derivative, the racemisation process was combined with an enzymatic resolution, to achieve a dynamic kinetic resolution process by which the racemate can be converted to either enantiomer.

A PAD service led by nurses and podiatrists.

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is serious but its significance has only recently been reflected in NICE guidance. A trust launched a PAD service led by nurses and podiatrists. The service is cost-effective and ensures that most patients receive treatment in the community, with referrals made to secondary care as appropriate.

Beveled femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy for the treatment of high astigmatism post-penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To use beveled femtosecond laser astigmatic keratotomy (FLAK) incisions to treat high astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods: Paired FLAK incisions at a bevel angle of 135 degrees, 65% to 75% depth, and arc lengths of 60 to 90 degrees were performed using a femtosecond laser. One case of perpendicular FLAK was presented for comparison.

Hexagonal adaptive filtering on compound ultrasound images.

This paper describes an approach to improve the contrast and signal to noise ratio on ultrasound images. Images with sub-pixel lateral displacements were re-sampled using a hexagonal grid, registered and compounded. The resultant image was filtered using a hexagonal adaptive masking filter.

Phylogenetic analyses of a combined data set suggest that the Attheya lineage is the closest living relative of the pennate diatoms (Bacillariophyceae).

A Bayesian analysis of a seven gene data set was conducted to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among a sample of centric and pennate diatoms and to test alternative hypotheses about the closest living relative of Bacillariophyceae. A lineage, composed of two Attheya species, was inferred to share the most recent common ancestor with Bacillariophyceae--a relationship that was also corroborated by the combined parsimony analysis. All competing hypotheses about the closest living relative of Bacillariophyceae were rejected because 100% of the trees in the post-burn-in sample in the Bayesian analysis supported the Attheya-Bacillariophyceae clade.

Distance regularized level set evolution and its application to image segmentation.

Level set methods have been widely used in image processing and computer vision. In conventional level set formulations, the level set function typically develops irregularities during its evolution, which may cause numerical errors and eventually destroy the stability of the evolution. Therefore, a numerical remedy, called reinitialization, is typically applied to periodically replace the degraded level set function with a signed distance function.

Microevolution and speciation in Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyta).

In this study five different molecular markers were used to: (1) infer the phylogeographic differentiation of Thalassiosira weissflogii in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; and (2) address the biological species status of the inferred geographic lineages. The results of the ribosomal RNA data analyses suggested that the Hawaiian isolate evolved first after which the Indonesian and the Atlantic/California strains diverged. In contrast, the tree derived from the partial sexually induced gene 1 (Sig1) data exhibited an initial divergence between the Eastern Atlantic/Western Atlantic/California and the Hawaiian/Indonesian groups after which the latter evolved into the Hawaiian and Indonesian lineages.

A systematic review of the literature reporting on studies that examined the impact of interactive, computer-based patient education programs.

Objective: To evaluate studies that examined the impact of interactive, computer-based education (ICBE) programs on patient education.

Methods: The Medline and CINAHL databases were searched to identify randomized controlled studies that evaluated the impact of ICBE programs.

Results: The 25 studies that met the selection criteria generally supported the ability of ICBE programs to promote knowledge gains.

Paired-angle multiplicative compounding.

Ultrasound compounding is a method of combining multiple images from different angles in order to create a single image with improved resolution and reduced angular-dependent artifactual detail. Compounding methods traditionally calculate each pixel in the compound image as a simple functional relationship between pixel elements in the component image set. In order to achieve an even better resolution and further reduce angular-dependent artifacts, this paper investigates a new type of compounding we call paired angle multiplicative compounding (PAMC), in which compound images are produced by a summation of multiplied pairs of component images acquired at different angles.

Stent-assisted Gugliemi detachable coil repair of wide-necked renal artery aneurysm using 3-D angiography.

Purpose: To report a wide-necked renal artery aneurysm treated successfully with stent-assisted Gugliemi detachable coil occlusion, assisted by three-dimensional (3-D) angiography.

Case Report: A 56-year-old woman with history of hypertension presented with a 2.5-cm wide-necked saccular aneurysm involving her distal right renal artery.

Bis-(2,5-diphenylphospholanes) with sp2 carbon linkers: synthesis and application in asymmetric hydrogenation.

Four chiral diphosphine ligands consisting of bis(2,5-diphenylphospholan-1-yl) groups connected by the sp(2) carbon linkers 2,3-quinoxaline ((S,S)-Ph-Quinox), 2,3-pyrazine ((S,S)-Ph-Pyrazine), maleic anhydride ((S,S)-Ph-MalPhos), and 1,1'-ferrocene ((S,S)-Ph-5-Fc) were synthesized, and their cationic [rhodium(I)(COD)] complexes were prepared. These complexes were tested in asymmetric hydrogenation of functionalized olefins. [((S,S)-Ph-Quinox)Rh(COD)]BF4 showed high activity and selectivity against itaconate and dehydroamino acid substrates.

Pixel compounding: resolution-enhanced ultrasound imaging for quantitative analysis.

Accurate measurement of structural features represented in medical images is important in clinical trials and patient diagnosis. A key factor for precision is spatial resolution, which in ultrasonic imaging is limited by transducer array arrangements, transmitting frequency, and data acquisition firmware. In this paper, a variation of pixel compounding is proposed to enhance ultrasound resolution using acquired cine loops.

Plaque imaging using ultrasound, magnetic resonance and computer tomography: a review.

Different classifications have been proposed in the literature for the characterization of atherosclerotic plaque morphology, resulting in considerable confusion. For example plaques containing medium of high level uniform echoes were classified as homogeneous by others and correspond closely to dense and calcified plaques, other types. This survey is to understand different types of plaque when imaged using ultrasound and MR.

Identifying stereoisomers of the asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst [Me-BPE-Rh(COD)]+BF4 -.

The performance of a catalyst used in asymmetric synthesis is likely to be dependent upon its stereoisomeric purity. An impurity was detectable by (31)P NMR in early development batches of the asymmetric hydrogenation catalyst [(S,S)-Me-BPE-Rh(COD)](+)BF(4) (-) made from the ligand bis((2S,5S)-2,5-dimethylphospholano)ethane [(S,S)-Me-BPE]. Its identity as a stereoisomer with one chiral and one meso-phospholane ring was deduced by comparison of the (31)P NMR spectra and GC traces of the ligand with a deliberately synthesized mixture of isomers.