S1701, A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Carboplatin-Paclitaxel With and Without Ramucirumab in Patients With Locally Advanced, Recurrent, or Metastatic Thymic Carcinoma.

Introduction: Thymic carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with few treatment options. Preclinical studies suggested that targeting the angiogenic pathway may be beneficial in this disease.

Methods: This randomized phase 2 trial enrolled patients with unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic thymic carcinoma.

Safety and Tolerability of Letetresgene Autoleucel (Lete-cel; GSK3377794): Pilot Studies in Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate safety, tolerability, and anti-tumor response of lete-cel, genetically modified autologous T-cells expressing a T-cell receptor specific for NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1a shared epitope, alone or in combination with pembrolizumab, in human leukocyte antigen HLA-A*02-positive (HLA-A*02:01-, HLA-A*02:05-, and/or HLA-A*02:06-) patients with New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1)- and/or LAGE-1a-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Experimental Design: Study 208749 was a single-arm study of lete-cel alone. Study 208471 was a multi-arm study of lete-cel alone or in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or recurrent NSCLC.

American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria on Cardiac Toxicity Prevention and Management After Thoracic Radiotherapy.

Introduction: The multidisciplinary American Radium Society Thoracic Committee was assigned to create appropriate use criteria on cardiac toxicity prevention and management for patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Methods: A systematic review of the current literature was conducted. Case variants of patients with thoracic malignancies undergoing radiation were created based on presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors and treatment-related risks assessed by dose exposure to the heart and cardiac substructures.

Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) for the Management of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Central/Ultra-Central Location: Guidelines from the American Radium Society.

Introduction: Definitive radiation therapy is considered standard therapy for medically inoperable early-stage NSCLC. Nevertheless, for patients with tumors located near structures such as the proximal tracheobronchial tree, esophagus, heart, spinal cord, and brachial plexus, the optimal management regimen is controversial. The objective was to develop expert multidisciplinary consensus guidelines on managing medically inoperable NSCLC located in a central or ultracentral location relative to critical organs at risk.

A Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating Perioperative Risk-Stratification and Risk-Based, Protocol-Driven Management After Elective Major Cancer Surgery.

Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of risk-based, protocol-driven management versus (vs) usual management after elective major cancer surgery to reduce 30-day rates of postoperative death or serious complications (DSC) .

Summary Background Data: Major cancer surgery is associated with significant perioperative risks which result in worse long-term outcomes.

Methods: Adults scheduled for elective major cancer surgery were stratified/randomized to risk-based escalating levels of care, monitoring, and co-management vs usual management.

American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Unresectable Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Importance: The treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) has been informed by more than 5 decades of clinical trials and other relevant literature. However, controversies remain regarding the application of various radiation and systemic therapies in commonly encountered clinical scenarios.

Objective: To develop case-referenced consensus and evidence-based guidelines to inform clinical practice in unresectable LA-NSCLC.

The impact of an oncology urgent care center on health-care utilization.

Introduction: Studies suggest that many emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for patients with cancer may be preventable. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has implemented changes to the hospital outpatient reporting program that targets acute care in-treatment patients for preventable conditions. Oncology urgent care centers aim to streamline patient care.

Phase 1 trial of navitoclax and sorafenib in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors with hepatocellular carcinoma expansion cohort.

Navitoclax (ABT-263) is an oral BCL2 homology-3 mimetic that binds with high affinity to pro-survival BCL2 proteins, resulting in apoptosis. Sorafenib, an oral multi kinase inhibitor also promotes apoptosis and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. The efficacy of either agent alone is limited; however, preclinical studies demonstrate synergy with the combination of navitoclax and sorafenib.

"Cancer's a demon": a qualitative study of fear and multilevel factors contributing to cancer treatment delays.

Purpose: Delays initiating cancer therapy are increasingly common, impact outcomes, and have implications for health equity. However, it remains unclear (1) whether patients' beliefs regarding acceptable diagnostic to treatment intervals align with current guidelines, and (2) to what degree psychological factors contribute to longer intervals. We conducted a qualitative study with patients and cancer care team members ("providers").

Representativeness of Patients Enrolled in the Lung Cancer Master Protocol (Lung-MAP).

Purpose: Lung Cancer Master Protocol (Lung-MAP), a public-private partnership, established infrastructure for conducting a biomarker-driven master protocol in molecularly targeted therapies. We compared characteristics of patients enrolled in Lung-MAP with those of patients in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) trials to examine if master protocols improve trial access.

Methods: We examined patients enrolled in Lung-MAP (2014-2020) according to sociodemographic characteristics.

American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Radiation Therapy in the Multidisciplinary Management of Thymic Carcinoma.

Importance: Thymic carcinoma is rare, and its oncologic management is controversial due to a paucity of prospective data. For this reason, multidisciplinary consensus guidelines are crucial to guide oncologic management.

Objective: To develop expert multidisciplinary consensus guidelines on the management of common presentations of thymic carcinoma.

Monitoring PD-L1 Expression on Circulating Tumor-Associated Cells in Recurrent Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma Predicts Response to Immunotherapy With Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Current diagnostic methods to determine programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1)/PD-1 immunotherapy (immune checkpoint inhibitor [ICI]) efficacy in recurrent or metastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma (rmNSCLC) are imprecise. Although previously shown that patients with high tumor PD-L1 (≥ 50%) demonstrate clinical benefit in the form of disease reduction and improved survival, patients with low PD-L1 (< 50%) sometimes benefit from treatment. Since the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is dynamic, monitoring PD-L1 levels during treatment may be more accurate than a static baseline tumor biopsy; however, rebiopsying the primary or metastatic disease is rarely feasible.

Randomized phase 3 study of the anti-disialoganglioside antibody dinutuximab and irinotecan vs irinotecan or topotecan for second-line treatment of small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Topotecan is approved as second-line treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Irinotecan is also frequently used given its more convenient schedule and superior tolerability. Preclinical studies support disialoganglioside (GD2) as an SCLC target and the combination of dinutuximab, an anti-GD2 antibody, plus irinotecan in this setting.

Phase I clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of ADP-A2M10 SPEAR T cells in patients with MAGE-A10 advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: ADP-A2M10 specific peptide enhanced affinity receptor (SPEAR) T cells (ADP-A2M10) are genetically engineered autologous T cells that express a high-affinity melanoma-associated antigen A10 (MAGE-A10)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) targeting MAGE-A10 tumors in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02. ADP-0022-003 was a phase I dose-escalation trial that aimed to evaluate the safety and antitumor activity of ADP-A2M10 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (NCT02592577).

Methods: Eligible patients were HLA-A*02 positive with advanced NSCLC expressing MAGE-A10.

Therapeutic implications of germline vulnerabilities in DNA repair for precision oncology.

DNA repair vulnerabilities are present in a significant proportion of cancers. Specifically, germline alterations in DNA repair not only increase cancer risk but are associated with treatment response and clinical outcomes. The therapeutic landscape of cancer has rapidly evolved with the FDA approval of therapies that specifically target DNA repair vulnerabilities.

Small Cell Lung Cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology.

The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) provide recommended management for patients with SCLC, including diagnosis, primary treatment, surveillance for relapse, and subsequent treatment. This selection for the journal focuses on metastatic (known as extensive-stage) SCLC, which is more common than limited-stage SCLC. Systemic therapy alone can palliate symptoms and prolong survival in most patients with extensive-stage disease.

American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria for Radiation Therapy in Oligometastatic or Oligoprogressive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: Recent randomized studies have suggested improvements in progression-free and overall survival with the addition of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT, also known as SABR) in patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Given the novelty and complexity of incorporating SBRT in the oligometastatic setting, the multidisciplinary American Radium Society Lung Cancer Panel was assigned to create appropriate use criteria on SBRT as part of consolidative local therapy for patients with oligometastatic and oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer.

Methods And Materials: A review of the current literature was conducted from January 1, 2008, to December 25, 2020, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to systematically search the PubMed database to retrieve a comprehensive set of relevant articles.

Harmonized Outcome Measures for Use in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Registries and Clinical Practice.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and globally, and many questions exist about treatment options. Harmonizing data across registries and other data collection efforts would yield a robust data infrastructure to help address many research questions. The purpose of this project was to develop a minimum set of patient and clinician relevant harmonized outcome measures that can be collected in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient registries and clinical practice.

In vivo and in vitro cell-based model of lung adenocarcinoma from patients with pleural effusion.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is a common and aggressive form of lung cancer that is increasing in incidence among never smokers at a younger age. Current treatment of patients with LAC is insufficient and there is a need for identification of effective biomarkers and development of therapeutic targets. These demands require also improved models for in vivo and in vitro experimentation.

American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria: Radiation Therapy for Limited-Stage SCLC 2020.

Introduction: Combined modality therapy with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation has long been the standard of care for limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC). However, there is controversy over best combined modality practices for LS-SCLC. To address these controversies, the American Radium Society (ARS) Thoracic Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee have developed updated consensus guidelines for the treatment of LS-SCLC.

American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria on Radiation Therapy for Extensive-Stage SCLC.

Introduction: The standard-of-care therapy for extensive-stage SCLC has recently changed with the results of two large randomized trials revealing improved survival with the addition of immunotherapy to first-line platinum or etoposide chemotherapy. This has led to a lack of clarity around the role of consolidative thoracic radiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation in the setting of chemoimmunotherapy.

Methods: The American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed by a multidisciplinary expert panel.