Simulated ventilation of two patients with a single ventilator in a pandemic setting.

Simultaneous ventilation of two patients may lead to hypoventilation in one patient and hyperinflation in the other patient. In a simulation of ventilation in two patients using artificial lungs, we voluntarily directed gas flow to one patient by using three-dimensional-printed Y-adapters and stenosis adapters during volume- and pressure-controlled ventilation in the first set up. We continuously modified the model using a special one-way valve on the flow-limited side and measured it in pressure-controlled ventilation with the flow sensor of the ventilator adjusted on both sides in a second and third setup.

Emergency medical care of patients with psychiatric disorders - challenges and opportunities: Results of a multicenter survey.

Background: Pre-clinical psychiatric emergencies are generally treated by emergency medical staff. The subsequent clinical treatment is often conditioned by interaction problems between emergency medical staff and psychiatric clinical staff.

Objectives: To identify problems affecting interaction between emergency medical and psychiatric care of mentally ill patients and pinpoint aspects of optimized emergency care.