Effectiveness of Schema Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy versus Supportive Therapy for Depression in Inpatient and Day Clinic Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Schema therapy (ST) reduces depressive symptoms, but clinical trials have not investigated its effectiveness for patients suffering from severe forms of depression and high rates of comorbidities. There is high demand for exploring and improving treatments for this patient group. The objective of the current study was to evaluate whether ST is more effective than individual supportive therapy (IST) and noninferior compared with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in treating depression.

Supporting return to work after psychiatric hospitalization-A cluster randomized study (RETURN-study).

Background: If people with episodic mental-health conditions lose their job due to an episode of their mental illness, they often experience personal negative consequences. Therefore, reintegration after sick leave is critical to avoid unfavorable courses of disease, longer inability to work, long payment of sickness benefits, and unemployment. Existing return-to-work (RTW) programs have mainly focused on "common mental disorders" and often used very elaborate and costly interventions without yielding convincing effects.

Chronic Serotonergic Overstimulation Mimicking Panic Attacks in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease Receiving Additional Antidepressant Treatment with Moclobemide.

Background: The pharmacological treatment options of Parkinson's disease (PD) have considerably evolved during the last decades. However, therapeutic regimes are complicated due to individual differences in disease progression as well as the occurrence of complex nonmotor impairments such as mood and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants in particular are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depressive symptoms and anxiety in PD.

Schema therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy versus individual supportive therapy for depression in an inpatient and day clinic setting: study protocol of the OPTIMA-RCT.

Background: Major depressive disorder represents (MDD) a major cause of disability and disease burden. Beside antidepressant medication, psychotherapy is a key approach of treatment. Schema therapy has been shown to be effective in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, especially personality disorders, in a variety of settings and patient groups.

Psychotherapy or medication for depression? Using individual symptom meta-analyses to derive a Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for a personalised psychiatry.

Background: Antidepressant medication (ADM) and psychotherapy are effective treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). It is unclear, however, if treatments differ in their effectiveness at the symptom level and whether symptom information can be utilised to inform treatment allocation. The present study synthesises comparative effectiveness information from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ADM versus psychotherapy for MDD at the symptom level and develops and tests the Symptom-Oriented Therapy (SOrT) metric for precision treatment allocation.

Effect of the fixed combination of valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, and butterbur extracts (Ze 185) on the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines in hospitalized psychiatric patients-A retrospective case-control investigation.

Stress is an increasing problem that can result in various psychiatric and somatoform symptoms. Among others, benzodiazepines and valerian preparations are used to treat stress symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the prescription of a fixed herbal extract combination of valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, and butterbur (Ze 185) changes the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines in hospitalized psychiatric patients.

Chronotype is associated with psychological well-being depending on the composition of the study sample.

Past studies examining the effect of chronotype and social jetlag on psychological well-being have been inconsistent so far. Here, we recruited participants from the general population and enquired about their natural sleeping behavior, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress. Partial correlations were computed between sleep variables and indicators of psychological well-being, controlling for age and sex.

Heart rate variability and cordance in rapid eye movement sleep as biomarkers of depression and treatment response.

Objectives: The relevance of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in affective disorders originates from its well-known abnormalities in depressed patients, who display disinhibition of REM sleep reflected by increased frequency of rapid eye movements (REM density). In this study we examined whether heart rate variability (HRV) and prefrontal theta cordance, both derived from REM sleep, could represent biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response.

Methods: In an open-label, case-control design, thirty-three in-patients (21 females) with a depressive episode were treated with various antidepressants for four weeks.

miRNAs and other non-coding RNAs in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review of clinical and animal studies.

In the last couple of years, non-coding (nc) RNAs like micro-RNAs (miRNAs), small interference RNAs (siRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as promising candidates for biomarkers and drug-targets in a variety of psychiatric disorders. In contrast to reports on ncRNAs in affective disorders, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders, manuscripts on ncRNAs in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated animal models are scarce. Aiming to stimulate ncRNA research in PTSD and to identify the hitherto most promising ncRNA candidates and associated pathways for psychotrauma research, we conducted the first review on ncRNAs in PTSD.

Quantifying uncertainty in Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - A high resolution simulation study in ICBM space.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation offers enormous potential for noninvasive brain stimulation. While it is known that brain tissue significantly "reshapes" induced field and charge distributions, most modeling investigations to-date have focused on single-subject data with limited generality. Further, the effects of the significant uncertainties which exist in the simulation (i.

Preliminary data of a HAMD-17 validated symptom scale derived from the ICD-10 to diagnose depression in outpatients.

Background: In outpatient settings diagnostic classification of depressive symptoms is mostly descriptive based on ICD-10. Depending on clinical experience and consultation time, diagnosis can be verified by validated scales. However, physicians working in primary care are familiar with ICD-10 criteria.

Adenosine A(2A) receptor gene: evidence for association of risk variants with panic disorder and anxious personality.

Adenosine A(2A) receptors are suggested to play an important role in different brain circuits and pathways involved in anxiety reactions. A variant within the corresponding ADORA2A gene (rs5751876) increased the risk for panic disorder (PD), for elevated anxiety during challenge tests in healthy probands and for anxiety-related arousal in blood-injury phobia. These multiple effects may mirror a more general effect of the SNP on basic personality traits.

Susceptibility to stress in transgenic mice overexpressing TrkC, a model of panic disorder.

Stressful life events increase the susceptibility for subsequent onset of psychiatric disorders in humans. Previous research has implicated neurotrophins in the onset of some stress-related diseases, such as major depression disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or panic disorder. We have tested the hypothesis that the neurotrophin-3 (NT-3)/TrkC system is a genetic interface mediating the deleterious effects of stress on the initiation of panic disorder and other pathologies.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in heterogeneous brain tissue: clinical impact on focality, reproducibility and true sham stimulation.

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an attractive research and possibly therapeutic tool for non-invasive central nervous system stimulation. However, relatively little is known about the direction, magnitude and distribution of induced electric field and current flows in tissue, and optimal setup characteristics as well as appropriate sham stimulation conditions remain largely undetermined, hampering reproducibility.

Methods: We reconstruct the conductive phenomena induced by TMS by implementing digitized coil geometry and realistic stimulator parameters and solving the electromagnetic problem over an MRI-based, realistic head model of 1mm resolution.

Combined effects of exonic polymorphisms in CRHR1 and AVPR1B genes in a case/control study for panic disorder.

Accumulating evidence from animal studies suggests that the corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) neuropeptide systems, contribute to anxiety behavior. To investigate whether polymorphisms in the genes regulating these two systems may alter susceptibility to anxiety disorders in humans, we genotyped 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRH, CRHR1, CRHR2, AVP, AVPR1A, AVPR1B in a German sample from Munich with patients suffering from panic disorder and matched healthy controls (n = 186/n = 299). Significant associations were then replicated in a second German sample with 173 patients with panic disorder and 495 controls.

A reconstruction of the conductive phenomena elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation in heterogeneous brain tissue.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an attractive research and possibly therapeutic tool for non-invasive stimulation of brain tissue. However, relatively little is known about the direction, magnitude and distribution of induced fields and current flow in tissue, and optimal setup characteristics remain largely undetermined. Further, the profound influence of brain size and shape as well as of brain tissue irregularity on actual stimulation patterns is unclear.

The temporal dynamics of intrahippocampal corticosterone in response to stress-related stimuli with different emotional and physical load: an in vivo microdialysis study in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 inbred mice.

There is strong evidence for a pivotal interaction of corticosteroid signalling and behavioral adaptation to stress. To further elucidate this relation, we monitored the dynamics of free corticosterone in the murine hippocampus of two inbred mouse strains using in vivo microdialysis. C57BL/6JOlaHsd (C57BL/6) and DBA/2OlaHsd (DBA/2) inbred mouse strains have been shown to differ in their anxiety-related and depression-like behavior and provide, thus, an interesting animal model to study the stimulus-response profile of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system as a function of emotional and physical load.

Polymorphisms in the galanin gene are associated with symptom-severity in female patients suffering from panic disorder.

Background: Galanin (GAL) is a neuropeptide, which is expressed primarily in limbic nuclei in the brain and mediates miscellaneous physiological processes and behaviors. In animal studies, both the application of GAL and antagonism of its receptors have been shown to affect anxiety-like and depression-related behavior. In humans, intravenous administration of the neuropeptide galanin has been reported to have fast antidepressant efficacy.

Polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor gene HTR2A are associated with quantitative traits in panic disorder.

Anxiety disorders and specifically panic disorder (PD) are caused by complex interactions of environmental and genetic factors. The latter comprise many different genes, from which those involved in serotonergic neurotransmission have received particular attention. Here we report the results from an association candidate-gene approach, where we analyzed 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the gene coding for the serotonin-receptor 2A (HTR2A) in patients suffering from PD and a control sample.

Association of polymorphisms in P2RX7 and CaMKKb with anxiety disorders.

Background: There is considerable evidence that genetic factors play an important role in the pathophysiology of affective disorders including bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. Long-term follow up studies as well as drug treatment studies suggest that these clinical conditions share a number of pathophysiological commonalities including genetic variables. One possible candidate region is located on chromosome 12q24.