The Use and Impact of Cilostazol on Patients Undergoing Endovascular Peripheral Interventions.

Background: Cilostazol is used for the treatment of intermittent claudication. The impact of cilostazol on the outcomes of peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) remains controversial. This study assesses the use and impact of cilostazol on patients undergoing PVI for peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Societal impact on older persons' chronic pain: Roles of age stereotypes, age attribution, and age discrimination.

Rationale: In view of the severity and prevalence of chronic pain, combined with the limited success of long-term treatments, there is the need for a more expansive understanding of its etiology. We therefore investigated over time three societal-based potential determinants of chronic pain that were previously unexamined in this connection: negative age stereotypes, age attribution, and age discrimination.

Methods: The cohort consisted of 1373 Americans aged 55 and older, who participated in four waves of the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, spanning seven years.

Anxiety Among Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Lebanon: The Importance of the Work Environment and Personal Resilience.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to their risk of direct exposure to the virus, they were subjected to long working hours, scarcity of PPE, and additional stressors that impacted their psychological wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to assess anxiety and its predictors among a sample of HCWs at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) and to evaluate the association between resilience and anxiety.

Multi-Residency Implementation of an Online Movement Disorders Curriculum Based on Real Patient Videos.

Background: In-person didactic education in residency has numerous challenges including inconsistent availability of faculty and residents, limited engagement potential, and non-congruity with clinical exposure.

Methods: An online curriculum in movement disorders was implemented across nine neurology residency programs (six intervention, three control), with the objective to determine feasibility, acceptability, and knowledge growth from the curriculum. Residents in the intervention group completed ten modules and a survey.

Impact of Media-Based Negative and Positive Age Stereotypes on Older Individuals' Mental Health.

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, stigmatization of older persons increased in traditional and social media. It was unknown whether this negative messaging could be detrimental to the mental health of older individuals, and whether the relatively uncommon positive messaging about older individuals could benefit their mental health.

Method: To address these gaps, we designed age-stereotype interventions based on actual news stories that appeared during the pandemic, and divided them into negative and positive versions of what we term personified (i.

SPLUNC1: a novel marker of cystic fibrosis exacerbations.

Background: Acute pulmonary exacerbations (AE) are episodes of clinical worsening in cystic fibrosis (CF), often precipitated by infection. Timely detection is critical to minimise morbidity and lung function declines associated with acute inflammation during AE. Based on our previous observations that airway protein short palate lung nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is regulated by inflammatory signals, we investigated the use of SPLUNC1 fluctuations to diagnose and predict AE in CF.

Predictors for Matriculation into Geriatric Psychiatry Fellowship: Data from a 2019-2020 National Survey of U.S. Program Directors.

Objective: With the number of geriatric psychiatry fellows declining from a peak of 106 during 2002-2003 to 48 during 2020-2021, this study aims to investigate characteristics of the geriatric psychiatry training requirement across U.S. psychiatry residency programs and to identify specific factors which may influence residents to pursue geriatric psychiatry subspecialty training.

JAK-inhibitor and type I interferon ability to produce favorable clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The spread of a highly pathogenic, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic, having already infected over 63 million people worldwide. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Janus kinase-inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients due to their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and their direct antiviral ability against viruses including coronaviruses, respectively.

JAK-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The spread of a highly pathogenic, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic, having already infected over 17 million. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Janus kinase-inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients for their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and due to direct antiviral ability against viruses including coronaviruses, respectively.

When Culture Influences Genes: Positive Age Beliefs Amplify the Cognitive-Aging Benefit of APOE ε2.

Objectives: Most studies of aging cognition have focused on risk factors for worse performance and on either genetic or environmental factors. In contrast, we examined whether 2 factors known to individually benefit aging cognition may interact to produce better cognition: environment-based positive age beliefs and the APOE ε2 gene.

Method: The sample consisted of 3,895 Health and Retirement Study participants who were 60 years or older at baseline and completed as many as 5 assessments of cognition over 8 years.

Janus Kinase-Inhibitor and Type I Interferon Ability to Produce Favorable Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 17 million. Novel therapies are urgently needed. Janus-kinase (JAK) inhibitors and Type I interferons have emerged as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients for their proven efficacy against diseases with excessive cytokine release and by their ability to promote viral clearance in past coronaviruses, respectively.

Injury, Illness, and Mental Health Risks in United States Domestic Mariners.

Objective: Describe health conditions and injury and illness rates in a population of United States mariners, an understudied workforce vital to economic security.

Methods: In this survey study, mariner health data was collected and analyzed to provide injury and illness rates (including mental health conditions) and associated risk factors.

Results: In this mariner population of highly tenured vessel masters and pilots, hypertension, obesity, sleep disorders, smoking, alcohol consumption, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were common.

Surgical Education in the Time of COVID: Understanding the Early Response of Surgical Training Programs to the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic.

Objective: Describe the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on general surgery residency training nationwide.

Design: A 31-question electronic survey was distributed to general surgery program directors. Qualitative data underwent iterative coding analysis.

National Assessment of Workplace Bullying Among Academic Surgeons in the US.

This study assesses the prevalence of bullying and barriers to its eradication among US surgeons.

Early hearing slope as a predictor of subsequent hearing trajectory in a noise-exposed occupational cohort.

Variations in individual susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss have been observed among workers exposed to similar ambient noise levels but the reasons for this observation are poorly understood. Many workers are exposed to hazardous levels of occupational noise throughout their entire careers. Therefore, a mechanism to identify workers at risk for accelerated hearing loss early in their career may offer a time-sensitive window for targeted intervention.

Active coping shields against negative aging self-stereotypes contributing to psychiatric conditions.

Rationale: Psychiatric conditions are often falsely considered inherent to aging. We examined whether negative age stereotypes, which older individuals tend to assimilate from the environment across their lifespan, contributed to an increased risk of developing four psychiatric conditions, and, if so, whether this risk was reduced through active coping.

Method: The sample consisted of participants aged 55 years and older, free of the psychiatric conditions at baseline, drawn from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, a nationally representative sample.

Idealization of youthfulness predicts worse recovery among older individuals.

This study examined whether stereotypes about an out-group could influence physical health. It had been previously shown that positive stereotypes held by older individuals about their in-group benefited physical health. However, the potential impact on physical health from idealizing their out-group, the young, through positive stereotypes had not been studied.

Positive views of aging reduce risk of developing later-life obesity.

The obesity epidemic among older adults is expected to continue increasing unless public-health efforts address this age group. Yet, little is known about psychosocial determinants of obesity that relate specifically to older persons. In this study, we investigated for the first time whether self-perceptions of aging (SPA), defined as beliefs about oneself as an older person that are assimilated from society, relate to new cases of obesity.

BPIFA1 regulates lung neutrophil recruitment and interferon signaling during acute inflammation.

Bpifa1 (BPI fold-containing group A member 1) is an airway host-protective protein with immunomodulatory properties that binds to LPS and is regulated by infectious and inflammatory signals. Differential expression of Bpifa1 has been widely reported in lung disease, yet the biological significance of this observation is unclear. We sought to understand the role of Bpifa1 fluctuations in modulating lung inflammation.