Angioembolization Has Similar Efficacy and Lower Total Charges than Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing in Patients With Pelvic Ring or Acetabulum Fractures.

Objectives: To compare cost, hospital-related outcomes, and mortality between angioembolization (AE) and preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) in the setting of pelvic ring or acetabulum fractures.

Design: Retrospective database review.

Setting: National Inpatient Sample, years 2016-2020.

A component-based analysis of metabolic syndrome's impact on 30-day outcomes after hip fracture: reduced mortality in obese patients.

Introduction: Hip fractures are a common injury associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States, there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition comprised several common comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, that may worsen perioperative outcomes. This article assesses the impact of MetS and its components on outcomes after hip fracture surgery.

In-Hospital Mortality Risk and Discharge Disposition Following Hip Fractures: An Analysis of the Texas Trauma Registry.

Background: In-hospital mortality and discharge disposition following traumatic hip fractures previously reported in the literature, has mainly focused on a nationwide scale, which may not be reflective of unique populations.

Objective: Our aim was to characterize demographics, hospital disposition, and associated outcomes for patients with the most common hip fractures.

Methods: A retrospective study utilizing the Trauma Registry from the Texas Department of State Health Services.

Improvement in Fitted Filtration Efficiency of N95 Respirators With Escalating Instruction of the Wearer.

Introduction: Fitted filtration performance of an N95 respirator may benefit from differing levels of instructions.

Methods: Using a modified Occupational Safety and Health Administration fit test protocol, we measured fitted filtration efficiency for an N95 respirator in 21 screened, healthy participants given 4 levels of escalating instruction: (1) uninstructed (baseline), (2) written/pictorial manufacturer instructions, (3) step-by-step video demonstration, and (4) staff instruction (visual inspection of respirator fit and verbal suggestions to adjust when applicable).

Results: Baseline fitted filtration efficiency was not significantly different between participants with or without previous experience of N95 use.

Fish oil blunts lung function decrements induced by acute exposure to ozone in young healthy adults: A randomized trial.

Background: Over one-third of the U.S. population is exposed to unsafe levels of ozone (O).

Exposures to low-levels of fine particulate matter are associated with acute changes in heart rate variability, cardiac repolarization, and circulating blood lipids in coronary artery disease patients.

Exposure to air pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, disease risk factors, and mortality. Specifically, particulate matter (PM), and to some extent ozone, are contributors to these effects. In addition, exposures to these pollutants may be especially dangerous for susceptible populations.

An Analysis of Traumatic Ankle Fracture Patients: Does Income Status Influence Access to Acute Orthopaedic Surgical Care?

Purpose: To evaluate if income status affects the timing of presentation to orthopaedic care, surgical treatment, or continuity of care following a closed ankle fracture.

Methods: Th is retrospective study identified 434 patients with closed ankle fractures treated with operative fixation from 2014 to 2016. Median income data were extracted using the patients' ZIP codes and data from the U.

Translational PK/PD and model-informed development of JNJ-67842125, a F reversal agent for JNJ-64179375, a long-acting thrombin inhibitor.

Background And Purpose: Antigen-binding fragment (F ) reversal agents were developed to reverse, in bleeding emergency, the long-acting anticoagulant effect of JNJ-64179375 (JNJ-9375), a monoclonal antibody that binds exosite-1 on thrombin.

Experimental Approach: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) activities of three reversal agents of varying in vitro binding affinities to JNJ-9375 were characterised in cynomolgus monkeys. The time course of JNJ-9375 anticoagulant activity and reversal effects of each agent were evaluated.

Surgical Site Complications in Open Pronation-Abduction Ankle Fracture-Dislocations With Medial Tension Failure Wounds.

Objectives: To examine the incidence of surgical site complications associated with pronation-abduction ankle fracture-dislocations with an open medial tension wound.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Accredited Level-1 trauma center.

Low levels of fine particulate matter increase vascular damage and reduce pulmonary function in young healthy adults.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM) related mild inflammation, altered autonomic control of cardiovascular function, and changes to cell function have been observed in controlled human exposure studies.

Methods: To measure the systemic and cardiopulmonary impacts of low-level PM exposure, we exposed 20 healthy, young volunteers to PM, in the form of concentrated ambient particles (mean: 37.8 μg/m, SD 6.

Skin closure with surgical staples in ankle fractures: a safe and reliable method.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the rates of surgical site complications of staple closure versus suture closure following open reduction and internal fixation of closed unstable ankle fractures.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2016, a total of 545 patients with closed ankle fractures were treated at our level-1 trauma centre by means of open reduction and internal fixation. A total of 360 patients matched the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis of this study.

Fate of the Uninsured Ankle Fracture: Significant Delays in Treatment Result in an Increased Risk of Surgical Site Infection.

Objective: To examine the impact of insurance status on access to orthopaedic care and incidence of surgical site complications in patients with closed unstable ankle fractures.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Certified Level-1 urban trauma center and county facility.

Conjugation of a peptide to an antibody engineered with free cysteines dramatically improves half-life and activity.

The long circulating half-life and inherently bivalent architecture of IgGs provide an ideal vehicle for presenting otherwise short-lived G-protein-coupled receptor agonists in a format that enables avidity-driven enhancement of potency. Here, we describe the site-specific conjugation of a dual agonist peptide (an oxyntomodulin variant engineered for potency and in vivo stability) to the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of an immunologically silent IgG4. A cysteine-containing heavy chain CDR3 variant was identified that provided clean conjugation to a bromoacetylated peptide without interference from any of the endogenous mAb cysteine residues.

A Long-Acting PYY Analog Mediates Robust Anorectic Efficacy with Minimal Emesis in Nonhuman Primates.

The gut hormone PYY reduces food intake in humans and exhibits at least additive efficacy in combination with GLP-1. However, the utility of PYY analogs as anti-obesity agents has been severely limited by emesis and rapid proteolysis, a profile similarly observed with native PYY in obese rhesus macaques. Here, we found that antibody conjugation of a cyclized PYY analog achieved high NPY2R selectivity, unprecedented in vivo stability, and gradual infusion-like exposure.

Complications After Pelvic Arteriography in Patients With Pelvic Ring Disruptions.

Introduction: Pelvic angiography with transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an established intervention for management of pelvic arterial hemorrhage. This study analyzes complication rates after angiography among patients with pelvic trauma treated in the context of a multidisciplinary institutional pelvic fracture protocol.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted.

Quantitation of intact monoclonal antibody in biological samples: comparison of different data processing strategies.

Aim: Sample extraction using immuno-affinity capture coupled with LC-high-resolution mass spectrometer has recently emerged as a novel approach for the determination of concentrations of large molecules at intact level in biological matrix.

Methodology: In the current work, different data processing strategies for intact protein bioanalysis, deconvoluted mass spectra or extracted ion chromatogram, were applied to quantitate monoclonal antibody in biological samples for comparison of assay performance.

Conclusion: Both deconvolution and extracted ion chromatogram strategies showed similar selectivity, sensitivity, accuracy and precision.

Heme oxygenase activity increases after exercise in healthy volunteers.

Heme oxygenase (HO) is an essential, rate-limiting protein which catalyses the breakdown of heme to iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The alpha methene bridge of the heme is eliminated as CO which can be measured as blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb). Using blood concentrations of COHb as a measure reflecting HO activity, we tested the postulate that the activity of HO changes with exercise.

Ozone exposure is associated with acute changes in inflammation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial cell function in coronary artery disease patients.

Background: Air pollution is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, of which ozone is a major contributor. Several studies have found associations between ozone and cardiovascular morbidity, but the results have been inconclusive. We investigated associations between ozone and changes across biological pathways associated with cardiovascular disease.

The burden of gunshot injuries on orthopaedic healthcare resources in South Africa.

Background: Injuries inflicted by gunshot wounds (GSWs) are an immense burden on the South African (SA) healthcare system. In 2005, Allard and Burch estimated SA state hospitals treated approximately 127 000 firearm victims annually and concluded that the cost of treating an abdominal GSW was approximately USD1 467 per patient. While the annual number of GSW injuries has decreased over the past decade, an estimated 54 870 firearm-related injuries occurred in SA in 2012.

Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil or Fish Oil and Vascular Effects of Concentrated Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure in Human Volunteers.

Background: Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) induces endothelial dysfunction, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) supplements have beneficial effects on endothelial function.

Objective: In this study we evaluated the potential efficacy of OO and FO in mitigating endothelial dysfunction and disruption of hemostasis caused by exposure to particulate matter (PM).

Interaction effects of temperature and ozone on lung function and markers of systemic inflammation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis: a crossover study of healthy young volunteers.

Background: Trends in climate suggest that extreme weather events such as heat waves will become more common. High levels of the gaseous pollutant ozone are associated with elevated temperatures. Ozone has been associated with respiratory diseases as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and can reduce lung function and alter systemic markers of fibrinolysis.

Diesel exhaust modulates ozone-induced lung function decrements in healthy human volunteers.

The potential effects of combinations of dilute whole diesel exhaust (DE) and ozone (O₃), each a common component of ambient airborne pollutant mixtures, on lung function were examined. Healthy young human volunteers were exposed for 2 hr to pollutants while exercising (~50 L/min) intermittently on two consecutive days. Day 1 exposures were either to filtered air, DE (300 μg/m³), O₃ (0.

Exposure to wood smoke particles produces inflammation in healthy volunteers.

Objectives: Human exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP) impacts on human health through changes in indoor air quality, exposures from wild fires, burning of biomass and air pollution. This investigation tested the postulate that healthy volunteers exposed to WSP would demonstrate evidence of both pulmonary and systemic inflammation.

Methods: Ten volunteers were exposed to filtered air and, 3 weeks or more later, WSP.

Metal ion-assembled micro-collagen heterotrimers.

Collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) provide critical insight into the assembly, stability, and structure of the triple helical collagen protein. The majority of natural fibrous collagens are aab or abc heterotrimers, yet few examples of heterotrimeric CMPs have been reported. Previously, CMP heterotrimers have only been accessible by total syntheses or by introducing complementary interstrand electrostatic or steric interactions.

Recursively enriched dynamic combinatorial libraries for the self-selection of optimally stable proteins.

Even at very low template (guest) concentrations, the optimal template-assembled host from a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of host fragments may be unobtainable because hetero-oligomers will always be present at higher concentrations than isoenergetic homo-oligomers. Recursively enriched dynamic combinatorial libraries (REDCLs) offer a general solution to this problem that should be applicable to any self-selecting system under thermodynamic control. The utility of the REDCL strategy is demonstrated by determination of the optimal hydrophobic core packing in a template-assembled triple helical protein for which the template is a metal ion and the contributing host fragments are components of a 36-member conformationally restricted peptide library in which each peptide is augmented with a metal-binding moiety.