Major depression mistaken as frontotemporal dementia due to PET scan.

Clinicians should be aware that the hypometabolism associated with depression can mimic frontotemporal dementia on PET.

A four-month home-based tDCS study on patients with Alzheimer's disease.

In the present open-label study, our first aim was to study the tolerability and feasibility of long-term treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and the second aim was to measure whether the treatment led to cognitive improvement. Participants with AD used a tDCS home-treatment kit inducing a low current (2 mA) via two scalp electrodes 30 minutes daily for 4 months. A total of 8 participants were recruited.

Relaxation techniques as an intervention for chronic pain: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Chronic pain increases the risk of sleep disturbances, depression and disability. Even though medical treatments have limited value, the use of prescription-based analgesics have increased over the recent years. It is therefore important to evaluate the effect of non-pharmacological treatments.

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Delayed Memory in Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Pilot Study Using Computational Modeling to Optimize Electrode Position.

Background: The optimal stimulation parameters when using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to improve memory performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking. In healthy individuals, inter-individual differences in brain anatomy significantly influence current distribution during tDCS, an effect that might be aggravated by variations in cortical atrophy in AD patients.

Objective: To measure the effect of individualized HD-tDCS in AD patients.

Can accelerated transcranial direct current stimulation improve memory functions? An experimental, placebo-controlled study.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) could improve verbal memory functions in healthy old and younger participants. We hypothesized that active tDCS led to significantly improved memory function, compared to placebo tDCS. Forty healthy participants (20 old and 20 younger participants) were included in the study.

The relation of hippocampal subfield volumes to verbal episodic memory measured by the California Verbal Learning Test II in healthy adults.

Total hippocampal volume has previously been shown to correlate with performance on tests for verbal episodic memory. However, there are sparse evidence on how hippocampal subfield volumes are related to verbal episodic memory in healthy adults. The present study investigated the association between volumes of separate hippocampal subfields and verbal episodic memory performance in healthy volunteers.

Can 8 months of daily tDCS application slow the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease? A case study.

This case study presents a patient with early-onset Alzheimer`s disease, who applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) daily for 8 consecutive months. This was a much higher frequency than previous tDCS studies. Neuropsychological assessments were conducted before the first tDCS session, after 5 months and after 8 months.

Transcranial direct current stimulation as a memory enhancer in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on verbal memory function in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which tDCS was applied in six 30-minute sessions for 10 days. tDCS was delivered to the left temporal cortex with 2-mA intensity.

How can placebo effects best be applied in clinical practice? A narrative review.

Placebo effects are documented in a number of clinical and experimental studies. It is possible to benefit from placebo effects in clinical practice by using them as effects additive to those of documented and effective treatments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how doctors and other health workers may benefit from placebo effects within an ethical framework.

[Depression or Alzheimer-type dementia?].

Background: The prevalence of depression and Alzheimer-type dementia in the elderly will increase, they may have similar symptoms, making it difficult to distinguish between these two conditions, and both conditions may occur simultaneously in one and the same patient. This article provides an overview of symptoms and findings that may be important for distinguishing depression from Alzheimer-type dementia.

Method: The article is based on a structured search in PubMed of a discretionary selection of studies, as well as the authors' own clinical experience.

[Transcranial direct current stimulation for chronic pain].

Background: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method for neuromodulation. By changing the neurons' resting membrane potential, the method can alter the activity in areas of the brain. We therefore wished to review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the treatment effect of tDCS on chronic pain.

Gender differences in placebo analgesia: event-related potentials and emotional modulation.

Objectives: To examine whether there are gender differences in event-related potential (ERP) responses to painful stimulation after administration of placebo medication; and to investigate whether placebo medication reduces anticipatory stress and if this reduction can explain the placebo analgesic response. Several experimental and clinical studies have shown that males report lower pain compared with females. There are, however, few reports of gender differences in placebo analgesia.