Caregivers' depressive symptoms and eating disorder severity in adults with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Background: Negative affectivity of caregivers has been linked to difficulties in the caregiver-patient relationship and it is assumed to contribute to the maintenance of eating disorder (ED) symptoms.

Aims: The present study investigated the relationship of patients' ED symptom severity to patients' and caregivers' depressive symptoms, and caregivers' involvement in a mixed sample of adult inpatients with anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), as well as their caregivers.

Method: The Eating Disorder Examination and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to 55 adult ED patients (26 AN and 29 BN), and the BDI as well as the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire were filled in by one caregiver of each patient.

Management of delirium in acute stroke patients: a position paper by the Austrian Stroke Society on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Delirium is a common complication in acute stroke patients, occurring in 15-35% of all stroke unit admissions and is associated with prolonged hospital stay and a poor post-stroke prognosis. Managing delirium in acute stroke patients necessitates an intensive and multiprofessional therapeutic approach, placing a significant burden on healthcare staff. However, dedicated practical recommendations for delirium management developed for the population of acute stroke patients are lacking.

Brain regulation training improves emotional competences in patients with alcohol use disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is defined as the impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse social, occupational, or health consequences and still represents one of the biggest challenges for society regarding health conditions, social consequences, and financial costs, including the high relapse rates after traditional alcohol rehabilitation treatment. Especially, the deficient emotional competence in AUD is said to play a key role in the development of AUD and hinders the interruption of substance compulsion, often leading to a viscous circle of relapse. Although the empirical evidence of a neurophysiological basis of AUD is solid and increases even further, clinical interventions based on neurophysiology are still rare for individuals with AUD.

Effectiveness of Online and Remote Interventions for Mental Health in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The prevalence of mental illness increased in children, adolescents, and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, while at the same time, access to treatment facilities has been restricted, resulting in a need for the quick implementation of remote or online interventions.

Objective: This study aimed to give an overview of randomized controlled studies examining remote or online interventions for mental health in children, adolescents, and young adults and to explore the overall effectiveness of these interventions regarding different symptoms.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines using PubMed, PsycInfo, Psyndex, Embase, and Google Scholar.

Stigma towards mental illness in Asian nations and low-and-middle-income countries, and comparison with high-income countries: A literature review and practice implications.

Background: Stigma related to mental illness (and its treatment) is prevalent worldwide. This stigma could be at the structural or organizational level, societal level (interpersonal stigma), and the individual level (internalized stigma). Vulnerable populations, for example, gender minorities, children, adolescents, and geriatric populations, are more prone to stigma.

[S1 guidelines for the management of postviral conditions using the example of post-COVID-19].

These S1 guidelines are an updated and expanded version of the S1 guidelines on long COVID differential diagnostic and management strategies. They summarize the state of knowledge on postviral conditions like long/post COVID at the time of writing. Due to the dynamic nature of knowledge development, they are intended to be "living guidelines".

World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines update 2023 on the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders.

Objectives: This 2023 update of the WFSBP guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of eating disorders (EDs) reflects the latest diagnostic and psychopharmacological progress and the improved WFSBP recommendations for the assessment of the level of evidence (LoE) and the grade of recommendation (GoR).

Methods: The WFSBP Task Force EDs reviewed the relevant literature and provided a timely grading of the LoE and the GoR.

Results: In anorexia nervosa (AN), only a limited recommendation (LoE: A; GoR: 2) for olanzapine can be given, because the available evidence is restricted to weight gain, and its effect on psychopathology is less clear.

Involvement, depressive symptoms, and their associations with problems and unmet needs in caregivers of adult eating disorder patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the most important problems and needs caregivers of adult inpatients with eating disorders (EDs) are confronted with in their everyday lives. A further aim was to investigate the associations between problems, needs, involvement, and depression in carers.

Methods: Fifty-five caregivers of inpatients with EDs (26 anorexia nervosa, 29 bulimia nervosa) completed the Carers' Needs Assessment, Beck Depression Inventory, and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire.

Adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for recurrent admissions in young psychiatric inpatients.

Background: Patients who require psychiatric inpatient treatment early in life are a particularly at-risk population. Factors such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are, however, not well studied in those requiring psychiatric inpatient treatment during both childhood or adolescence and adulthood. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate, in young adult inpatients, the risk factors for prior admissions in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, with a focus on ACEs.

Oxytocin receptor gene methylation as a molecular marker for severity of depressive symptoms in affective disorder patients.

Background: Oxytocin (OXT) is a neuropeptide and hormone involved in emotional functioning and also seems to play a role in moderating the stress response. Both preclinical and clinical studies point to an increased methylation status of the Oxytocin receptor (OXTR) promoter region with concomitant deficits in social, cognitive and emotional functioning. We hypothesize that methylation levels (%) of the oxytocin receptor promoter region correlate with the severity of depression symptoms and/or with the severity of childhood trauma within this present sample of affective disorder patients.

BDNF gene polymorphisms predicting treatment response to CBT-based rehabilitation of depression: to be submitted to: European Neuropsychopharmacology.

Genetic factors were shown to play a major role in both variation of treatment response and incidence of adverse effects to medication in affective disorders. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of therapygenetic studies, investigating the prediction of psychological therapy outcomes from genetic markers. Neuroplasticity and one of its mediators, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), are potential research targets in this field.

Comorbidities of bladder pain syndrome in the context of the HITOP distress category: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is, looking at different care settings, to examine prevalence rates of psychological distress-level comorbidities in female interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) patients, their impact on Quality of Life (QoL), and the correlation between such comorbidities and symptom severity.

Methods: A systematic literature search according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.

Results: Twenty-nine studies were found that met inclusion criteria.

[Ketamine in the therapy of chronic pain and depression].

Although ketamine has been known and clinically applied for a long time, questions still arise around the many possible indications in which the anesthetic and analgesic substance could be used. In particular, these questions relate to new indications in which ketamine is used in low subanesthetic doses.The mechanism of action at the NMDA receptor clearly distinguishes ketamine from all other analgesics.

Personality functioning in anxiety disorders.

Background: The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders as well as the upcoming IDC-11 have established a new focus on diagnosing personality disorders (PD): personality functioning. An impairment of self and interpersonal functioning in these models represents a general diagnostic criterion for a personality disorder. Little is known so far about the impairment of personality functioning in patients with other mental disorders than PD.

Parenthood among patients with psychotic disorders: gender differences in a non-selective clinical sample.

A large proportion of people with psychotic disorders have children and also live with them. However, research has rarely studied this in clinical populations and included male patients. This exploratory study used routine data of all 709 patients with a psychotic disorder treated in a psychiatric inpatient service in Austria between 2012 and 2015.

[Manpower requirements for medical doctors in psychiatric departments of community hospitals--bottom-up calculation for the psychiatric department of Donauspital in Vienna].

Background: Clinical psychiatry changed dramatically in the past 30 years. Clinical challenges are very different from those in old mental hospitals. Psychotherapy and sociotherapy are effective but very time-consuming parts of treatments of nearly every psychiatric disorder.

Motor performance and correlates of mental health in children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Aim: This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between motor performance and mental health in a representative population of children with hearing impairment.

Method: Ninety-three pupils (45 males, 48 females) aged 6 years to 16 years (mean 11 y 3 mo, SD 2 y 9 mo) with hearing impairment of at least 40 dB and a Nonverbal IQ greater than 70 were assessed for motor performance with the Zürich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA) and for mental health with the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).

Results: Children with hearing impairment had lower motor performance scores in all four ZNA subscales compared with ZNA norms (z-scores -1.

Dose escalation of antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Non-response to an initial antipsychotic trial emerges frequently in the pharmacological management of schizophrenia. Increasing the dose (high-dose treatment, dose escalation) is an often applied strategy in this regard, but there are currently no meta-analytic data available to ascertain the evidence of this treatment option.

Methods: We systematically searched for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared a dose increase directly to the continuation of standard-dose medication in patients with initial non-response to a prospective standard-dose pharmacotherapy with the same antipsychotic compound.

Antipsychotic Augmentation of Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An Update Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials.

Background: Many patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder do not respond adequately to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Augmentation with antipsychotic drugs can be beneficial in this regard. However, since new relevant randomized controlled trials evaluating new antipsychotics were conducted, a recalculation of the effect sizes appears necessary.

[Psychoeducational Smoking Cessation Groups in an Acute Psychiatry Ward].

Background: In view of the high prevalence of dependent smokers in psychiatric inpatient facilities advice for smoking cessation seems crucial. Due to the relatively short duration of stay in acute psychiatric wards (in our facility < 2 weeks) there is a need for therapeutic concepts that link to outpatient settings. The transtheoretical model by "Prochaska and DiClemente" (TTM) seems suitable to create an appropriate therapeutic concept.