Pragmatic Considerations When Extracting DNA for Metagenomics Analyses of Clinical Samples.

Microbiome analyses are essential for understanding microorganism composition and diversity, but interpretation is often challenging due to biological and technical variables. DNA extraction is a critical step that can significantly bias results, particularly in samples containing a high abundance of challenging-to-lyse microorganisms. Taking into consideration the distinctive microenvironments observed in different bodily locations, our study sought to assess the extent of bias introduced by suboptimal bead-beating during DNA extraction across diverse clinical sample types.

ESKAPEE Pathogen Biofilm Control on Surfaces with Probiotic and species.

Combatting the rapidly growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and reducing prevalence and transmission of ESKAPEE pathogens in healthcare settings requires innovative strategies, one of which is displacing these pathogens using beneficial microorganisms. Our review comprehensively examines the evidence of probiotic bacteria displacing ESKAPEE pathogens, with a focus on inanimate surfaces. A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases on 21 December 2021, and 143 studies were identified examining the effects of and spp.

Examining Different Analysis Protocols Targeting Hospital Sanitary Facility Microbiomes.

Indoor spaces exhibit microbial compositions that are distinctly dissimilar from one another and from outdoor spaces. Unique in this regard, and a topic that has only recently come into focus, is the microbiome of hospitals. While the benefits of knowing exactly which microorganisms propagate how and where in hospitals are undoubtedly beneficial for preventing hospital-acquired infections, there are, to date, no standardized procedures on how to best study the hospital microbiome.

Sinking Our Teeth in Getting Dental Stem Cells to Clinics for Bone Regeneration.

Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research.

Histology and Gadolinium Distribution in the Rodent Brain After the Administration of Cumulative High Doses of Linear and Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents.

Objectives: Retrospective studies in patients with primary brain tumors or other central nervous system pathologies as well as postmortem studies have suggested that gadolinium (Gd) deposition occurs in the dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP) after multiple administrations of primarily linear Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). However, this deposition has not been associated with any adverse effects or histopathological alterations. The aim of this preclinical study was to systematically examine differences between linear and macrocyclic GBCAs in their potential to induce changes in brain and skin histology including Gd distribution in high spatial resolution.

Signal Increase on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Images in the Rat Brain After Repeated, Extended Doses of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: Comparison of Linear and Macrocyclic Agents.

Objectives: In this prospective preclinical study, we evaluated T1-weighted signal intensity in the deep cerebellar nuclei (CN) and globus pallidus (GP) up to 24 days after repeated administration of linear and macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) using homologous imaging and evaluation methods as in the recently published retrospective clinical studies. In a second part of the study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces were evaluated for contrast enhancement by fluid-attenuated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: Sixty adult male Wistar-Han rats were randomly divided into a control and 5 GBCA groups (n = 10 per group).

Contrast Media for X-ray and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Development, Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Over the last 120 years, the extensive advances in medical imaging allowed enhanced diagnosis and therapy of many diseases and thereby improved the quality of life of many patient generations. From the beginning, all technical solutions and imaging procedures were combined with dedicated pharmaceutical developments of contrast media, to further enhance the visualization of morphology and physiology. This symbiosis of imaging hardware and contrast media development was of high importance for the development of modern clinical radiology.

Reactive oxygen species and the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of isoconazole nitrate.

Bacterial superinfections often occur in dermatomycoses, resulting in greatly inflamed or eczematous skin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of isoconazole nitrate (ISN), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial imidazole, commonly used to treat dermatomycoses. Several gram-positive bacteria minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for ISN (ISN solution or ISN-containing creams: Travogen or corticosteroid-containing Travocort) and ampicillin were obtained using the broth-dilution method.

The osmolality of nonionic, iodinated contrast agents as an important factor for renal safety.

Objective: Nonionic iodinated contrast agents (CAs) can be divided into monomeric, low-osmolar, and dimeric, iso-osmolar classes. In clinical practice, renal tolerance of CAs is a concern, especially in patients with impaired renal function. With regard to renal safety, we wanted to evaluate the role of osmolality and viscosity in renal tolerance.

Changes of renal water diffusion coefficient after application of iodinated contrast agents: effect of viscosity.

Objective: X-ray contrast agents (CA) possess specific physicochemical properties and are excreted renally by glomerular filtration. Thereby, they may affect the diffusion of water molecules within the kidney. The aim of our preclinical study was to investigate potential changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the kidney after administration of monomeric, low-osmolar, and dimeric, iso-osmolar CA by using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).

Viscosity of iodinated contrast agents during renal excretion.

Objective: Modern iodinated non-ionic contrast agents (CAs) can be classified based on their molecular structure into monomeric and dimeric CAs and have at comparable iodine concentrations a different viscosity and osmolality. During their renal excretion, CAs are concentrated in the renal tubuli which might enhance the viscosity difference between monomeric and dimeric CAs. The viscosity of a CA might have an underestimated importance for renal safety, as suggested by recent publications.

The role of residual gadolinium in the induction of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis-like skin lesions in rats.

Objective: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an acquired, idiopathic disorder. Most of the cases are observed in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this nonclinical animal study was to test the hypothesis that gadolinium (Gd) deposits play a role in the induction of NSF lesions.

A review of preclinical safety data for magnevist (gadopentetate dimeglumine) in the context of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis.

Objectives: Magnevist (gadopentetate dimeglumine, Bayer Healthcare, Bayer) is a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) for magnetic resonance imaging approved for clinical use in various indications since 1988. A possible association between the administration of GBCAs to patients with severe kidney impairment, and a condition first identified in 2000 and later described as "nephrogenic systemic fibrosis" (NSF), was published in early 2006. In the light of this reported association and the published histologic findings of certain NSF patients, Bayer, with support of external experts, reassessed the preclinical safety data from in vivo studies in healthy rats and dogs that were conducted with Magnevist during the drug development process in the mid-80s.

The impact of the viscosity and osmolality of iodine contrast agents on renal elimination.

Objective: The iodinated contrast agents (CAs) that are currently used in radiographic procedures possess special physicochemical properties and a high safety profile; however, according to a large retrospective study (Swedish registry), the viscosity of CAs may have an underestimated impact on renal failure. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible consequences of CA viscosity differences, such as CA retention in the kidney.

Material And Methods: Five Göttingen minipigs were each intravenously injected in a crossover setting at intervals of at least 7 days with monomeric (Iopromide) and dimeric (Iodixanol) CAs at 2 doses (1 and 2 g iodine/kg bodyweight), and the retention of the CA in the kidneys was determined during the first 6 hours postinjection using a 64-slice computed tomography scanner.

Intra-individual comparison of different contrast media concentrations (300 mg, 370 mg and 400 mg iodine) in MDCT.

Objective: To compare intra-individual contrast enhancement in multi-detector-row computed tomography (MDCT) using contrast media (CM) containing 300, 370 and 400 mg iodine per ml (mgI/ml).

Methods: Six pigs underwent repeated chest MDCT using three different CM (iopromide 300, iopromide 370, iomeprol 400). An identical iodine delivery (IDR) rate of 1.

Efficacy and safety of lanthanoids as X-ray contrast agents.

Objective: It has been suggested that elements from the lanthanoid (Ln) series may be well suited for use as absorbing elements in X-ray contrast agents (CA). Because gadolinium, an element of the lanthanoid series, has been identified as being possibly associated with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), a rare but potentially severe disease, we sought to determine if other lanthanoids might possess a similar potential.

Materials And Methods: By computed tomography (CT), we compared the X-ray attenuation of all lanthanoids to that of iodine in vitro.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents and NSF: evidence from animal experience.

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a potentially severe systemic disease typically characterized by fibrosis of the skin and connective tissues. The etiology of NSF is still unknown but is likely to be multifactorial. Specific triggers under scientific evaluation have included surgery and/or the occurrence of thrombosis or other vascular injury, proinflammatory state, the administration of high doses of erythropoietin, and more recently the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs).

Evaluating the role of zinc in the occurrence of fibrosis of the skin: a preclinical study.

Purpose: To investigate the possible role of Zn as a trigger for NSF we were using a previously established preclinical model. The depletion of endogenous Zinc ions (Zn) caused by the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has been suggested as a possible pathomechanism for nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF).

Materials And Methods: In the Zn supplementation study, rats were injected with Gadodiamide, Omniscan, and Magnevist with or without Zn supplementation.

Impact of renal impairment on long-term retention of gadolinium in the rodent skin following the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Objective: Several publications have suggested a possible association between Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis, a rare but serious disease. To date, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis has been observed only in patients with severe renal insufficiency.The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a prolonged circulation time of GBCAs caused by reduced renal clearance on the long-term retention of Gd in the skin of rats after administration of different GBCAs.

Long-term retention of gadolinium in the skin of rodents following the administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Several publications suggest a potential association between the administration of Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and the onset of a rare but serious disease, Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF). The aim of this study was to determine the elimination time-course of Gadolinium (Gd) from skin tissue after application of GBCAs in rats. Seven different marketed GBCAs were injected on five consecutive days at a dose of 2.

Retention of iodine and expression of biomarkers for renal damage in the kidney after application of iodinated contrast media in rats.

Objective: Commercially available iodinated contrast media (CM) show significantly different physico-chemical properties. The relevance of the viscosity of CM may be underestimated as a contributing factor for clinically relevant renal failure as suggested by a large registry data analysis (Swedish registry study). The objective of this preclinical study is to assess differences of a low and high-viscous CM regarding their retention time in the kidney.

Preclinical investigation to compare different gadolinium-based contrast agents regarding their propensity to release gadolinium in vivo and to trigger nephrogenic systemic fibrosis-like lesions.

Recent reports suggest that nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is associated with the administration of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) and in particular with the stability of the Gd-complex. The aim of this investigation was to compare GBCAs and their potential to trigger NSF. Forty-two healthy male rats received repeated intravenous injections of six different GBCAs at high doses to simulate the exposure seen in patients with severe renal dysfunction.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents and their potential role in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: the role of excess ligand.

Purpose: To investigate the role of excess ligand present in gadolinium (Gd) -based contrast agents in the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Using a dosing regimen to simulate the exposure seen in patients with severe renal impairment, we investigated the effect of excess ligand on Gd-deposition and the depletion of endogenous ions.

Materials And Methods: Gadodiamide and gadoversetamide were formulated with 0%, 5%, and 10% excess ligand.

A preclinical study to investigate the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a possible role for gadolinium-based contrast media.

Objectives: Several recent publications have suggested an association between the administration of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents and the occurrence of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF), an acquired disorder marked by skin thickening and fibrosis occurring in patients with severe renal dysfunction. The aim of this study was to establish a preclinical experimental setting to investigate the possible link between NSF and Gd-based contrast agents, and specifically the role of Gd and/or depletion of endogenous metal ions as possible triggers for NSF.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-five healthy male rats received repeated intravenous injections of Magnevist (gadopentetate dimeglumine; Gd-DTPA), Omniscan (gadodiamide; Gd-DTPA-BMA), or gadodiamide without caldiamide at a dose of 2.