Ecologically Assessed Sleep Duration and Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Men and Women.

Objective: Among younger adults, to determine the associations of actigraph- and self-reported sleep duration with arterial stiffness (AS) assessed in clinic and in ecologically valid contexts, and to examine sex-specific associations.

Methods: Healthy adults ( n = 282, median age = 29 years, 67% women) completed a state-of-the-art assessment of AS at rest (SphygmoCor; carotid femoral pulse wave velocity [cfPWV]; central augmentation index [cAIx]) and 7 days of actigraphy-assessed sleep with concurrent, momentary cAIx assessment for 36 hours (Oscar-2). Multivariable regressions were conducted on the full sample and sex-stratified to examine cross-sectional linear and quadratic associations of average sleep duration with resting PWV and cAIx, average cAIx while awake and asleep, and nocturnal cAIx dipping, adjusted for demographic and health covariates.

Behavioral-Social Rhythms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Retired Night Shift Workers and Retired Day Workers.

Objective: Stability in the timing of key daily routine behaviors such as working/doing housework, sleeping, eating, and engaging in social interactions (i.e., behavioral-social rhythms) contributes to health.

Bidirectional temporal associations between sleep and affect and cognitive symptoms among community-dwelling stroke survivors: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Introduction: Sleep plays a critical role in daily functioning and stroke recovery but receives little attention in stroke rehabilitation. Sleep disturbances are linked to affective and cognitive impairments, but temporal associations between sleep and affect and cognitive symptoms are less clear. Understanding these temporal associations may inform new directions in intervention and prevention to support continued stroke recovery.

Race and sex differences in the longitudinal changes in multidimensional self-reported sleep health characteristics in aging older adults.

Objectives: We examined within-individual changes in self-reported sleep health as community-dwelling older adults age as well as potential differences in these changes by self-reported sex and racial identity.

Methods: Participants were from the United States and enrolled in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, Minority Aging Research Study, or Religious Orders Study (N = 3539, 20% Black, 75% female, mean 78years [range 65-103]), and they received annual, in-person clinical evaluations (median 5 visits [range 1-27]). A sleep health composite score measured the number of poor sleep characteristics among satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, efficiency, and duration.

Method for Activity Sleep Harmonization (MASH): a novel method for harmonizing data from two wearable devices to estimate 24-h sleep-wake cycles.

Background: Daily 24-h sleep-wake cycles have important implications for health, however researcher preferences in choice and location of wearable devices for behavior measurement can make 24-h cycles difficult to estimate. Further, missing data due to device malfunction, improper initialization, and/or the participant forgetting to wear one or both devices can complicate construction of daily behavioral compositions. The Method for Activity Sleep Harmonization (MASH) is a process that harmonizes data from two different devices using data from women who concurrently wore hip (waking) and wrist (sleep) devices for ≥ 4 days.

Self-Reported Sleep Disturbances over the Menopausal Transition and Fracture Risk: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

Sleep disturbances are common and may impact fracture risk directly by influencing bone turnover or indirectly through shared risk factors or mediators. To investigate the association between self-reported sleep disturbances across the menopausal transition (MT) and fractures, we prospectively studied 3101 women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). At each of 14 study visits spaced approximately 18 months apart, a standardized validated scale ascertained trouble falling asleep, waking up several times during the night, and waking up earlier than planned.

Heart rate and heart rate variability following sleep deprivation in retired night shift workers and retired day workers.

Shift workers experience poor sleep and dysregulated cardiac autonomic function during sleep. However, it is unknown if this dysregulation persists into retirement, potentially accelerating the age-associated risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Using sleep deprivation as a physiological challenge to cardiovascular autonomic function, we compared heart rate (HR) and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV) during baseline and recovery sleep following sleep deprivation between retired night shift and day workers.

Retired night shift workers exhibit poorer neurocognitive function compared to retired day workers.

Study Objectives: Shift work is associated with compromised cognitive function, and with chronic exposure, may place shift workers at elevated risk for dementia. However, evidence of cognitive impairment among former night shift workers is mixed, possibly due to inconsistencies regarding retirement status, work history classification, and cognitive assessments. To address these limitations, this study compared neurocognitive function between retired night shift workers and retired day workers using a well-characterized sample and a rigorous neurocognitive test battery.

Elusive hypersomnolence in seasonal affective disorder: actigraphic and self-reported sleep in and out of depressive episodes.

Background: Hypersomnolence has been considered a prominent feature of seasonal affective disorder (SAD) despite mixed research findings. In the largest multi-season study conducted to date, we aimed to clarify the nature and extent of hypersomnolence in SAD using multiple measurements during winter depressive episodes and summer remission.

Methods: Sleep measurements assessed in individuals with SAD and nonseasonal, never-depressed controls included actigraphy, daily sleep diaries, retrospective self-report questionnaires, and self-reported hypersomnia assessed via clinical interviews.

Cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers and retired day workers.

Night shift work is associated with poor cardiometabolic outcomes, even post-retirement. However, the characteristics of cardiometabolic function in retired night shift workers (RNSW) compared to retired day workers (RDW) are not well-understood. Rigorous characterization of cardiometabolic dysfunction in RNSW and RDW will inform targeted risk stratification for RNSW.

Obstructive sleep apnea, myocardial perfusion and myocardial blood flow: A study of older male twins.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with incidence of cardiovascular disease and with nocturnal angina, but evidence of a link with coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia is limited and previous studies may have been affected by selection bias or unmeasured confounding factors.

Methods: We performed overnight polysomnography in 178 older male twins. The Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) was calculated to assess OSA from the overnight sleep evaluation.

Sleep and circadian rhythm profiles in seasonal depression.

Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions are symptoms of, and hypothesized underlying mechanisms in, seasonal depression. Discrepant observational findings and mixed responses to sleep/circadian-based treatments suggest heterogenous sleep and circadian disruptions in seasonal depression, despite these disruptions historically conceptualized as delayed circadian phase and hypersomnia. This study used a data-driven cluster analysis to characterize sleep/circadian profiles in seasonal depression to identify treatment targets for future interventions.

Homeostatic response to sleep deprivation and circadian rhythmicity are intact in older adults with insomnia.

Study Objectives: We examined whether homeostatic sleep drive and circadian rhythmicity differ in older adults with insomnia (OAI) compared to older good sleepers (GS).

Methods: OAI (n = 37) and GS (n = 30) participated in a 60-h in-lab study with sleep deprivation and constant routine paradigms. Homeostatic sleep drive was assessed by examining the effect of sleep deprivation on delta EEG power and theta EEG power, and repeated sleep latency tests.

Blood Pressure Cuff Inflation Briefly Increases Female Adolescents' Restlessness During Sleep on the First But Not Second Night of Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.

Objective: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) increases restlessness during adults' sleep in laboratory settings, but there is little evidence of an association among adolescents or in naturalistic environments. This study examined activity levels before and after blood pressure cuff inflation during sleep to determine whether and for how long ABPM increased restlessness during sleep in healthy adolescents.

Methods: Two hundred thirty-four healthy adolescents (mean age = 15.

The temporal relationships between sleep disturbance and autonomic dysregulation: A co-twin control study.

Introduction: Sleep disturbance is associated with autonomic dysregulation, but the temporal directionality of this relationship remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal relationships between objectively measured sleep disturbance and daytime or nighttime autonomic dysregulation in a co-twin control study.

Methods: A total of 68 members (34 pairs) of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry were studied.

Comparing polysomnography, actigraphy, and sleep diary in the home environment: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Sleep Study.

Study Objectives: Polysomnography (PSG) is considered the "gold standard" for assessing sleep, but cost and burden limit its use. Although wrist actigraphy and self-report diaries are feasible alternatives to PSG, few studies have compared all three modalities concurrently across multiple nights in the home to assess their relative validity across multiple sleep outcomes. This study compared sleep duration and continuity measured by PSG, actigraphy, and sleep diaries and examined moderation by race/ethnicity.

Sleep moderates the effects of Tibetan yoga for women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

This study examined self-reported and actigraphy-assessed sleep and depression as moderators of the effect of a Tibetan yoga intervention on sleep and depression among women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. This is a secondary analysis of an RCT examining a 4-session Tibetan yoga program (TYP; n = 74) versus stretching program (STP; n = 68) or usual care (UC; n = 85) on self-reported sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency (SE)) and depression (Centers for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; CES-D) for women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Data were collected at baseline and 1-week and 3-month post-intervention.

Age Trends in Actigraphy and Self-Report Sleep Across the Life Span: Findings From the Pittsburgh Lifespan Sleep Databank.

Objective: Sleep changes over the human life span, and it does so across multiple dimensions. We used individual-level cross-sectional data to characterize age trends and sex differences in actigraphy and self-report sleep dimensions across the healthy human life span.

Methods: The Pittsburgh Lifespan Sleep Databank consists of harmonized participant-level data from sleep-related studies conducted at the University of Pittsburgh (2003-2019).

Sleep and Daily Social Experiences as Potential Mechanisms Linking Social Integration to Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping.

Objective: Socially integrated individuals are at lower risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality compared with their more isolated counterparts. This association may be due, in part, to the effect of social integration on nocturnal blood pressure (BP) decline or "dipping," a physiological process associated with decreased disease risk. However, the pathways linking social integration with nocturnal BP dipping are unknown.

Actigraphy-derived sleep health profiles and mortality in older men and women.

Study Objectives: To identify actigraphy sleep health profiles in older men (Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study; N = 2640) and women (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures; N = 2430), and to determine whether profile predicts mortality.

Methods: We applied a novel and flexible clustering approach (Multiple Coalesced Generalized Hyperbolic mixture modeling) to identify sleep health profiles based on actigraphy midpoint timing, midpoint variability, sleep interval length, maintenance, and napping/inactivity. Adjusted Cox models were used to determine whether profile predicts time to all-cause mortality.

Social Integration and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prospective Evidence from a Study of Retired Older Adults.

Background: Growing evidence has documented the adverse impact of the global COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality among older adults. Given the negative consequences of poor sleep, it is critical to identify factors that provide older adults with resilience against worsening sleep quality. Social integration may represent one such resilience factor.

Coping strategies moderate the effect of perceived stress on sleep and health in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic may have a significant impact on health, including sleep health. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable. This study examined associations between perceived stress and sleep health, mental health, physical health, and overall perceived health outcomes among older adults.

Self-reported sleep efficiency and duration are associated with bioenergetic function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of adults.

Poor sleep may impair systemic mitochondrial bioenergetics, but this relationship has not been examined in humans. This study examined associations of self-reported sleep with peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) bioenergetics in adults. Forty-three participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index from which sleep indices were calculated.