Adequate post-ischemic reperfusion of the mouse brain requires endothelial NFAT5.

Severity and outcome of strokes following cerebral hypoperfusion are significantly influenced by stress responses of the blood vessels. In this context, brain endothelial cells (BEC) regulate inflammation, angiogenesis and the vascular resistance to rapidly restore perfusion. Despite the relevance of these responses for infarct volume and tissue recovery, their transcriptional control in BEC is not well characterized.

Zoonotic and other veterinary chlamydiae - an update, the role of the plasmid and plasmid-mediated transformation.

The obligate intracellular bacterial genus Chlamydia harbours species with zoonotic potential, particularly C. psittaci, causative agent of psittacosis, and C. abortus, which may lead to miscarriage in pregnant women.

Retrospective Analyses of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV-3) in Switzerland.

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has emerged as a significant pathogen affecting global swine populations, yet its epidemiology and clinical implications remain incompletely understood. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and histopathological features of PCV-3 infection in pigs from Switzerland, focusing on archival cases of suckling and weaner piglets presenting with suggestive lesions. An in-house qPCR assay was developed for detecting PCV-3 in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, enhancing the national diagnostic capabilities.

Chlamydia suis undergoes interclade recombination promoting Tet-island exchange.

Background: The obligate intracellular bacterial family Chlamydiaceae comprises a number of different species that cause disease in various vertebrate hosts including humans. Chlamydia suis, primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, is the only species of the Chlamydiaceae family to have naturally gained tetracycline resistance (TetR), through a genomic island (Tet-island), integrated into the middle of chromosomal invasin-like gene inv. Previous studies have hypothesised that the uptake of the Tet-island from a host outside the Chlamydiaceae family was a unique event, followed by spread among C.

Carbamylation Is Instrumental in End-Stage Kidney Disease Coagulopathies: The Impact on von Willebrand Factor and Platelet Functionality.

Background:  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive, irreversible, and incurable condition characterized by high morbidity and mortality, affecting approximately one-tenth of the global population. Rise of urea-derived cyanate levels in CKD patients, severalfold higher in comparison to those found in healthy individuals, leads to an increased rate of carbamylation of lysine residues of proteins and peptides. This posttranslational modification plays an important role in the progression of kidney failure but also in the onset of CKD-related complications, including previously reported coagulopathies.

Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway protects against acute ischemic stroke by reprogramming central carbon metabolism.

Cell metabolism reprogramming to sustain energy production, while reducing oxygen and energy consuming processes is crucially important for the adaptation to hypoxia/ischemia. Adaptive metabolic rewiring is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Accumulating experimental evidence indicates that timely activation of HIF in brain-resident cells improves the outcome from acute ischemic stroke.

Safety and tolerability of β-blockers: importance of cardioselectivity.

Cardioselective β-blockade is generally well tolerated in practice and contraindications to this therapy are uncommon. β-blockers are a diverse therapeutic class, and their individual tolerability profiles are influenced strongly by their pharmacodynamic effects across different adrenergic receptors. Bisoprolol, probably the β-blocker with the highest selectivity for blockade of β- vs.

Kidney Dysfunction and Pathology in the Setting of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.

Introduction: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinicopathologic syndrome produced by dysregulated activation of the immune system. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and proteinuria have been infrequently described in the setting of HLH, and investigations of underlying histopathologic changes in the kidney are limited.

Methods: To characterize kidney pathology in HLH, a retrospective review of 30 patients' clinical and laboratory data, and kidney tissue was performed (18 from autopsy, and 12 biopsied patients).

Use of corticosteroids in Norwegian patients with immunoglobulin a nephropathy progressing to end-stage kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Despite several clinical trials, the use of corticosteroid therapy for treating immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains controversial. We aimed to describe the use of corticosteroid therapy combined with supportive therapy in Norwegian patients with IgAN who had progressed to end-stage kidney disease.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Norwegian Renal Registry.

Longitudinal study of Chlamydia pecorum in a healthy Swiss cattle population.

Chlamydia pecorum is a globally endemic livestock pathogen but prevalence data from Switzerland has so far been limited. The present longitudinal study aimed to get an insight into the C. pecorum prevalence in Swiss cattle and investigated infection dynamics.

displays high transformation capacity with complete cloning vector integration into the chromosomal plasticity zone.

The obligate intracellular genus contains many pathogens with a negative impact on global health and economy. Despite recent progress, there is still a lack of genetic tools limiting our understanding of these complex bacteria. This study provides new insights into genetic manipulation of with the opportunistic porcine pathogen , the only chlamydial species naturally harboring an antibiotic resistance gene, originally obtained by horizontal gene transfer.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation as common pathogenic mechanisms in hypertensive nephrosclerosis and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (HN) and Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). To explore shared pathogenetic mechanisms, we analyzed transcriptomes of kidney biopsies from patients with HN or T2DN. Total RNA was extracted from 10 μm whole kidney sections from patients with HN, T2DN, and normal controls (Ctrl) (n = 6 for each group) and processed for RNA sequencing.

Proteomic analysis unveils Gb3-independent alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in a gla zebrafish model of Fabry disease.

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, resulting in reduced or lack of α-galactosidase A activity. This results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and other glycosphingolipids in lysosomes causing cellular impairment and organ failures. While current therapies focus on reversing Gb3 accumulation, they do not address the altered cellular signaling in FD.

Glomerular proteomic profiling reveals early differences between preexisting and de novo type 2 diabetes in human renal allografts.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), either preexisting or developing after transplantation, remains a crucial clinical problem in kidney transplantation. To obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PTDM development and early glomerular damage before the development of histologically visible diabetic kidney disease, we comparatively analysed the proteome of histologically normal glomeruli from patients with PTDM and normoglycaemic (NG) transplant recipients. Moreover, to assess specificities inherent in PTDM, we also comparatively evaluated glomerular proteomes from transplant recipients with preexisting type 2 DM (T2DM).

Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neurodegeneration.

Neurological disorders such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, as well as the neurodegenerative diseases Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease are accompanied or even powered by danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), defined as endogenous molecules released from stressed or damaged tissue. Besides protein-related DAMPs or "alarmins", numerous nucleic acid DAMPs exist in body fluids, such as cell-free nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as well as different species of extracellular RNA, collectively termed as self-extracellular nucleic acids (SENAs). Among these, microRNA, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs and extracellular ribosomal RNA constitute the majority of RNA-based DAMPs.

A diet containing cod backbone proteins attenuated the development of mesangial sclerosis and tubular dysfunction in male obese BTBR ob/ob mice.

Purpose: The obese black and tan, brachyuric (BTBR) ob/ob mouse spontaneously develops features comparable to human diabetic nephropathy. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate if a diet containing fish proteins would attenuate or delay the development of glomerular hypertrophy (glomerulomegaly), mesangial sclerosis and albuminuria in obese BTBR ob/ob mice.

Methods: Obese BTBR.

Identification and characterization of aptameric inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase.

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays a pivotal role in innate immunity, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Aberrant proteolytic activity of HNE contributes to organ destruction in various chronic inflammatory diseases including emphysema, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Therefore, elastase inhibitors could alleviate the progression of these disorders.

The Association of Sarcopenia and Central Obesity with Mortality Risk in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease - a 2-Year Observational Study.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face numerous challenges regarding their nutritional status, including undernutrition, wasting, overweight, and obesity. However, there is a gap in the knowledge on the importance of nutritional status on the survival of CKD in patients along the spectrum of progression of CKD.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of several nutritional measures with all-cause mortality.

Renal Functional Response-Association With Birth Weight and Kidney Volume.

Introduction: Renal functional response (RFR) is the acute increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after a protein load. Low RFR is a marker of single nephron hyperfiltration. Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with reduced number of nephrons, lower kidney function, and smaller kidneys in adults.