[Primary pneumococcal peritonitis in a pediatric hospital from Argentina].

Pneumococcal peritonitis represents a small subset of patients suffering from invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We describe 5 cases of primary peritonitis documented in the pediatric hospital over 15 years (2005-2020) of IPD surveillance. The patients, 3girls and 2boys with a mean age of 5 years, experienced peritoneal signs and symptoms; 3of them suffered from nephrotic syndrome.

Beta-lactam antibiotics and viridans group streptococci.

The aim of this review is to present an update on the susceptibility of viridans group streptococci (VGS) to β-lactam antimicrobials, with emphasis on the Argentinean scenario. VGS are a heterogeneous group including five groups of species, each one exhibiting peculiar susceptibility patterns to penicillin (PEN). Species of the Streptococcus mitis group are frequently nonsusceptible to PEN.

Resistance to β-lactams in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important causal agent of pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, bacteremia, and otitis media. Penicillin resistance rates in S. pneumoniae have remained stable in Argentina in the last years.

[Pneumococcal osteoarticular infections in children admitted to a Pediatric Reference Hospital from Misiones, Argentina. Thirteen years of surveillance].

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare cause of osteoarticular infections. We describe 5documented cases that occurred in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2017 in patients admitted to the Pediatric Provincial Reference Hospital of Misiones. These cases corresponded to a 4-year-old boy and 4 girls aged 11, 10, 6 years and 4 months with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the scapula and humerus, arthritis of the hip, ankle and osteomyelitis of the distal fibula.

Burkholderia cepacia complex: 11 years of surveillance in patients with Cystic Fibrosis in Posadas, Argentina.

Cystic fibrosis patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex pulmonary infections have high morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, this disease is undergoing substantial epidemiological changes. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment have conditioned an increase in child survival as well as in the proportion of affected adults.

Resistance to β-lactams in enterococci.

Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to several antimicrobial classes and show a great ability to acquire new mechanisms of resistance. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics is a major concern because these drugs either alone or in combination are commonly used for the treatment of enterococcal infections. Ampicillin resistance, which is rare in Enterococcus faecalis, occurs in most of the hospital-associated Enterococcus faecium isolates.

Susceptibility to β-lactams in β-hemolytic streptococci.

Group A (GAS), B (GBS), C (GCS) and G (GGS) β-hemolytic streptococci are important human pathogens. They cause infections of different severity and frequency. Nowadays, after 70 years of use, penicillin is still universally active against GAS, GCS and GGS.

[Description of 3 cases of skin and soft tissue infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae].

The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) is unusual and its clinical interpretation is difficult. We describe here three cases of SSTI due to S. pneumoniae in patients admitted to the Provincial Pediatric Hospital of Misiones, Argentina that were detected during 10 years of invasive disease (ID) surveillance documented in 2010, 2011 and 2015.

First time identification of Pandoraea sputorum from a patient with cystic fibrosis in Argentina: a case report.

Background: Pandoraea species are considered emerging pathogens in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF) and are difficult to identify by conventional biochemical methods. These multidrug resistant bacteria remain poorly understood particularly in terms of natural resistance, mechanisms of acquired resistance and impact on the prognosis of the disease and the lung function. Among them, Pandoraea sputorum has been previously described in few cases of CF patients from Spain, Australia, France and United States, underlining the need of more clinical data for a better knowledge of its pathogenicity.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections in a pediatric hospital in Argentina.

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged at the Pediatric Hospital of Misiones Province, north Argentina, in 2003 as a cause of community-acquired (CA) infections, mostly associated with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). This study aimed to assess the microbiological, epidemiological, and clinical features of CA-MRSA SSTIs treated at the hospital.

Methodology: From 2003 through 2006, a longitudinal study on CA-MRSA SSTIs was conducted.

[Pneumococcal meningitis in children under 15 years of age in Misiones (Argentina). Sixteen year's epidemiological surveillance].

We report the results of pneumococcal meningitis surveillance conducted at the Provincial Pediatric Hospital of Posadas, Misiones (Argentina), before the conjugate vaccine was introduced into the national vaccination schedule. Between January 1994 and December 2009, 167 cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis were diagnosed in children aged 1 month to 15 years. The attack rate/100,000 children ranged from 19.

[Whooping cough: clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 20 confirmed cases of the Paediatric Hospital of Misiones province].

Pertussis or whooping cough is a respiratory disease that has emerged in recent years in several countries including Argentina. The aim is to retrospectively describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 20 patients in the Pediatric Hospital of Misiones with confirmed diagnosis of whooping cough, according to criteria set by WHO and CDC, during the years 2005 and 2006. The median age was 4 months, 13 were male (65%).

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, eastern Argentina.

Sixty-nine community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus recovered in 6 healthcare centers from northeastern and eastern Argentina were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The predominant pulsotype was widely distributed harbored SCCmec type IV and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Representative isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing and spa typing, demonstrating that this clone belonged to ST5 and spa type 311.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Shigella flexneri from Argentina: first report of TOHO-1 outside Japan.

A 9-year nation-wide survey of the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Shigella flexneri is described. Ten of 9033 (0.1%) isolates produced ESBLs, which were characterized by isoelectric focusing, PCR and DNA sequencing.

[Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children in Misiones, Argentina].

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the local resistance patterns and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae implicated in invasive infections in children in Hospital Provincial de Pediatría in Misiones, Argentina.

Methods: A total of 101 strains isolated from sterile sites between June 1998 and June 2001 were studied. Strains were identified according to standard methods.