Decision support-tools for early detection of infection in older people (aged> 65 years): a scoping review.

Background: Infection is more frequent, and serious in people aged > 65 as they experience non-specific signs and symptoms delaying diagnosis and prompt treatment. Monitoring signs and symptoms using decision support tools (DST) is one approach that could help improve early detection ensuring timely treatment and effective care.

Objective: To identify and analyse decision support tools available to support detection of infection in older people (> 65 years).

What are the most effective interventions to improve physical performance in pre-frail and frail adults? A systematic review of randomised control trials.

Background: With life expectancy continuing to rise in the United Kingdom there is an increasing public health focus on the maintenance of physical independence among all older adults. Identifying interventions that improve physical outcomes in pre-frail and frail older adults is imperative.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature 2000 to 2017 following PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (no.

Clinical use of conventional reference intervals in the frail elderly.

Rationale, Aims And Objectives: Reference intervals provided by the laboratory are commonly established by measuring samples from apparently healthy subjects in the ages 18-65 years, excluding elderly individuals with chronic diseases and medication. The aim of our study was to establish whether current reference intervals for immune parameters and chemical biomarkers are valid for older individuals including those with chronic diseases, so-called frail elderly.

Methods: Data from our cohort of 138 non-infected nursing home residents (NHR), mean age 86.

Assessment of body temperature measurement options.

Assessment of body temperature is important for decisions in nursing care, medical diagnosis, treatment and the need of laboratory tests. The definition of normal body temperature as 37°C was established in the middle of the 19th century. Since then the technical design and the accuracy of thermometers has been much improved.

Evidence-based practice in a multiprofessional context.

Background: Healthcare today is a complex system with increasing needs of specific knowledge of evaluation of research and implementation into clinical practice. A critical issue is that we all apply evidence-based practice (EBP) with standardised methods and continuing and systematic improvements. EBP includes both scientific and critical assessed experience-based knowledge.

Clinical decision-making process for early nonspecific signs of infection in institutionalised elderly persons: experience of nursing assistants.

Aim: To illuminate nursing assistant's experiences of the clinical decision-making process when they suspect that a resident has an infection and how their process relates to other professions.

Background: The assessment of possible infection in elderly individuals is difficult and contributes to a delayed diagnosis and treatment, worsening the goal of good care. Recently we explored that nursing assistants have a keen observational ability to detect early signs and symptoms that might help to confirm suspected infections early on.

What is the evidence base for the assessment and evaluation of body temperature?

Measurement and management of body temperature is often based on traditionand personal ideas and beliefs rather than evidence based knowledge. This article summarises the literature to provide a guide to evidence based assessment and evaluation of body temperature in clinical practice.

Early nonspecific signs and symptoms of infection in institutionalized elderly persons: perceptions of nursing assistants.

Aim: To explore early nonspecific signs and symptoms of infection in elderly institutionalized individuals as described by nursing assistants.

Background: Nonspecific signs and symptoms and lack of specific ones are common in connection with infection in institutionalized elderly persons and contribute to a delayed diagnosis and treatment. In clinical care, the nurse makes notes on the individual status of the patient on a daily basis and decides whether to contact the physician or not.

Time for a change to assess and evaluate body temperature in clinical practice.

The definition of normal body temperature as 37 degrees C still is considered the norm worldwide, but in practice there is a widespread confusion of the evaluation of body temperature, especially in elderly individuals. In this paper, we discuss the relevance of normal body temperature as 37 degrees C and consequences in clinical practice. Our conclusion is that body temperature should be evaluated in relation to the individual variability and that the best approach is to use the same site, and an unadjusted mode without adjustments to other sites.

Gender differences in predictors of survival in elderly nursing-home residents: a 3-year follow up.

This study focus on predicting factors of survival possible to modify by nursing care, and the incidence and mortality rate of nursing-home-acquired pneumonia, allocated to 1, 2 and 3 years of follow ups. The residents consisted of 156 women and 78 men living in special housing for the elderly. Data on chronic disease and medication were obtained at baseline, and activities of daily living (ADL) status, nutritional status and body temperature were assessed.

Errors in body temperature assessment related to individual variation, measuring technique and equipment.

Errors in body temperature measurement might seriously influence the evaluation of an individual's health condition. We studied individual variation, measurement technique and the equipment used when assessing body temperature. In the first part of the study, three volunteers performed repeated measurements for five mornings.

The impact of ADL status, dementia and body mass index on normal body temperature in elderly nursing home residents.

A subset of seniors might demonstrate a lower body temperature compared with younger subjects. However, data on normal body temperature in seniors are sparse. The aim of the study was to study normal body temperature with a view of predicting factors of low body temperature in non-febrile seniors.

Morbidity, mortality and clinical presentation of nursing home-acquired pneumonia in a Swedish population.

Pneumonia has been estimated to be the second most common infection in nursing-home residents. However, to the authors' knowledge, no such Swedish data are available. Therefore, this study investigated the incidence, risk factors, and 30 d case-fatality rate and clinical presentation of nursing home-acquired pneumonia (NHAP) in 234 nursing-home residents aged 66-99 y.

Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review.

Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a systematic literature review The purpose of this study was to investigate normal body temperature in adult men and women. A systematic review of data was performed. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and manually from identified articles reference lists.