Genetically predicted gene expression effects on changes in red blood cell and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including omega-3 and omega-6 are obtained from diet and can be measured objectively in plasma or red blood cells (RBCs) membrane biomarkers, representing different dietary exposure windows. conversion of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs from short-to long-chain counterparts occurs via a shared metabolic pathway involving fatty acid desaturases and elongase. This analysis leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for RBC and plasma PUFAs, along with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to estimate tissue-specific genetically predicted gene expression effects for delta-5 desaturase ( ), delta-6 desaturase ( ), and elongase ( ) on changes in RBC and plasma biomarkers.

Roles of Necroptosis, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in Colorectal Carcinogenesis: A Longitudinal Human Study.

Necroptosis triggers an inflammatory cascade associated with antimicrobial defense. No prospective human study has yet explored the role of necroptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We conducted quantitative analysis of biomarkers for necroptosis (transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase-like protein (pMLKL)), inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), apoptosis (BAX and TUNEL), and cell proliferation (Ki67).

The Influence of Residential Segregation, Urbanicity, and Population Density on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence among a Low Socioeconomic Population.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States, with notable disparities observed among racial and ethnic minorities. The objective of this study is to examine the association between social determinants of health (SDoH) and HCC incidence by race (White and Black individuals) using data from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

Methods: The SCCS is a prospective cohort study with participants recruited from 2002 to 2009.

Liquid biopsy to identify Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia and oesophageal adenocarcinoma: the multicentre study.

Background: There is no clinically relevant serological marker for the early detection of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and its precursor lesion, Barrett's oesophagus (BE).

Objective: To develop and test a blood-based assay for EAC and BE.

Design: Oesophageal MicroRNAs of BaRRett, Adenocarcinoma and Dysplasia () was a large, international, multicentre biomarker cohort study involving 792 patient samples from 4 countries (NCT06381583) to develop and validate a circulating miRNA signature for the early detection of EAC and high-risk BE.

Associations of alcohol intake with gut microbiome: a prospective study in a predominantly low-income Black/African American population.

Background: Alcohol intake can alter gut microbiome, which may subsequently affect human health. However, limited population-based, prospective studies have investigated associations of habitual and recent alcohol intake with the gut microbiome, particularly among Black/African American individuals.

Objective: We examined the association of alcohol intake with gut microbiome in a predominantly low-income Black/African American population.

Temporal recording of mammalian development and precancer.

Temporal ordering of cellular events offers fundamental insights into biological phenomena. Although this is traditionally achieved through continuous direct observations, an alternative solution leverages irreversible genetic changes, such as naturally occurring mutations, to create indelible marks that enables retrospective temporal ordering. Using a multipurpose, single-cell CRISPR platform, we developed a molecular clock approach to record the timing of cellular events and clonality in vivo, with incorporation of cell state and lineage information.

Consensus tissue domain detection in spatial omics data using multiplex image labeling with regional morphology (MILWRM).

Spatially resolved molecular assays provide high dimensional genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic information in situ and at various resolutions. Pairing these data across modalities with histological features enables powerful studies of tissue pathology in the context of an intact microenvironment and tissue structure. Increasing dimensions across molecular analytes and samples require new data science approaches to functionally annotate spatially resolved molecular data.

Ultra-processed products and risk of liver cancer: A prospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Several studies have shown positive associations between ultra-processed foods and drinks and cancer risk. However, evidence remains limited for liver cancer. We aimed to evaluate the associations between ultra-processed foods and drinks and liver cancer risk.

Sitting Time, Physical Activity and Mortality: A Cohort Study In Low-Income Older Americans.

Introduction: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are recognized as independent risk factors for many diseases. However, studies investigating their associations with total and cause-specific mortality in low-income and Black populations are limited, particularly among older adults.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted among 8,337 predominantly low-income and Black Americans aged ≥65 years residing in the southern United States.

Associations of neighborhood sociodemographic environment with mortality and circulating metabolites among low-income black and white adults living in the southeastern United States.

Background: Residing in a disadvantaged neighborhood has been linked to increased mortality. However, the impact of residential segregation and social vulnerability on cause-specific mortality is understudied. Additionally, the circulating metabolic correlates of neighborhood sociodemographic environment remain unexplored.

The association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and prostate cancer risk and mortality: the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States. We examined the role of neighborhood obesogenic attributes on prostate cancer risk and mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

Methods: From the total of 34,166 SCCS male participants, 28,356 were included in the analysis.

GammaGateR: semi-automated marker gating for single-cell multiplexed imaging.

Motivation: Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) is an emerging assay for multichannel protein imaging that can decipher cell-level spatial features in tissues. However, existing automated cell phenotyping methods, such as clustering, face challenges in achieving consistency across experiments and often require subjective evaluation. As a result, mIF analyses often revert to marker gating based on manual thresholding of raw imaging data.

Associations between traditional Chinese medicine body constitution and obesity risk among US adults.

Background: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) body constitution (BC), primarily determined by physiological and clinical characteristics, is an important process for clinical diagnosis and treatment and play a critical role in precision medicine in TCM. The purpose of the study was to explore whether the distributions of BC types differed by obesity status.

Methods: We conducted a study to evaluate BC type in US population during 2012-2016.

The association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and prostate cancer risk and mortality: the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States. We examined the role of neighborhood obesogenic attributes on prostate cancer risk and mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

Methods: From the total of 34,166 SCCS male participants, 28,356 were included in the analysis.

Impacts of Poverty and Lifestyles on Mortality: A Cohort Study in Predominantly Low-Income Americans.

Introduction: Low socioeconomic status has been linked to increased mortality. However, the impacts of poverty, alone or combined with health behaviors, on mortality and life expectancy have not been adequately investigated.

Methods: Data from the Southern Community Cohort Study was used, including nearly 86,000 participants recruited during 2002-2009 across 12 US southeastern states.

BMI and breast cancer risk around age at menopause.

Background: A high body mass index (BMI, kg/m) is associated with decreased risk of breast cancer before menopause, but increased risk after menopause. Exactly when this reversal occurs in relation to menopause is unclear. Locating that change point could provide insight into the role of adiposity in breast cancer etiology.

Gut Microbiome of Patients With Breast Cancer in Vietnam.

Purpose: Gut microbiota play an important role in human health, including cancer. Cancer and its treatment, in turn, may alter the gut microbiome. To understand this complex relationship, we profiled the gut microbiome of 356 Vietnamese patients with breast cancer.

Gut microbiome in association with chemotherapy-induced toxicities among patients with breast cancer.

Background: Little research has focused on the relationship between gut microbiome and chemotherapy-induced toxicity.

Methods: This prospective study involves 301 patients with breast cancer who had prechemotherapy stool samples collected. Gut microbiome was sequenced by shotgun metagenomics; associations with chemotherapy-induced toxicities during first-line treatment by gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolic pathways with severe (i.

Association of cardiometabolic comorbidities with mortality among low-income Black and White Americans.

Methods: Investigated the association of multiple cardiometabolic comorbidities with total/major cause-specific mortality and evaluate if this association might be modified by race among predominantly low-income Black and White participants.

Methods: The Southern Community Cohort Study, prospective cohort study. Participants (40-79 years) recruited predominantly from community health centers across 12 states in southeastern United States.

Temporal recording of mammalian development and precancer.

Key to understanding many biological phenomena is knowing the temporal ordering of cellular events, which often require continuous direct observations [1, 2]. An alternative solution involves the utilization of irreversible genetic changes, such as naturally occurring mutations, to create indelible markers that enables retrospective temporal ordering [3-8]. Using NSC-seq, a newly designed and validated multi-purpose single-cell CRISPR platform, we developed a molecular clock approach to record the timing of cellular events and clonality , while incorporating assigned cell state and lineage information.

Molecular cartography uncovers evolutionary and microenvironmental dynamics in sporadic colorectal tumors.

Colorectal cancer exhibits dynamic cellular and genetic heterogeneity during progression from precursor lesions toward malignancy. Analysis of spatial multi-omic data from 31 human colorectal specimens enabled phylogeographic mapping of tumor evolution that revealed individualized progression trajectories and accompanying microenvironmental and clonal alterations. Phylogeographic mapping ordered genetic events, classified tumors by their evolutionary dynamics, and placed clonal regions along global pseudotemporal progression trajectories encompassing the chromosomal instability (CIN+) and hypermutated (HM) pathways.