Services Provided in Spanish in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Facilities: Limited Access in Communities with Fast-Growing Spanish-Speaking Populations.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is increasing among primary Spanish-speaking populations, and treatment use is disproportionately low. Patient-provider Spanish language concordance is associated with SUD treatment initiation and better outcomes. Recent geographic shifts within primary Spanish-speaking populations are important considerations in identifying gaps in SUD service delivery in Spanish.

To precept or not to precept: Perspectives from nurse practitioners.

Background: Nurse practitioner (NP) preceptors are crucial to clinical education. Recent increases in the required direct patient care hours for NP students may worsen the current preceptor shortage. However, most studies of preceptorship only include NPs who are current preceptors and are therefore missing vital information from nonpreceptors.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Marshallese in Northwest Arkansas (USA).

Background: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected Pacific Islander communities, with disparities in the prevalence of infection, serious illness, and death compared to non-Hispanic whites in the US. Marshallese Pacific Islanders face significant COVID-19 disparities.

Design And Methods: This exploratory study aimed to understand Marshallese community attitudes about the COVID-19 vaccine to identify and implement culturally relevant strategies to encourage vaccine uptake.

Heart Disease Knowledge and Awareness in African American and Hispanic Women.

Objectives: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among US women. Minority women have higher rates of CHD and are more likely to experience adverse outcomes. Because of racial disparities in CHD outcomes, the purpose of this study was to assess CHD knowledge and awareness in African American and Hispanic women.

Barriers and facilitators to cord blood banking among pregnant women at a university obstetric clinic.

Background: Cord blood (CB) is a cell source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In 2019, the percentage of births with CB collected for banking was only 3% nationally and 0.05% in our state.

A Systems Approach to Identify Factors Influencing Participation in Two Tribally-Administered WIC Programs.

Native American populations experience highly disproportionate rates of poor maternal-child health outcomes. The WIC program aims to safeguard health by providing greater access to nutritious foods, but for reasons not well understood, participation in many tribally-administered WIC programs has declined to a greater extent compared to the national average decline in participation over the last decade. This study aims to examine influences on WIC participation from a systems perspective in two tribally-administered WIC programs.

Comparing community-driven COVID-19 vaccine distribution methods: Faith-based organizations vs. outpatient clinics.

Background: Minority and low socioeconomic communities may face practical barriers to vaccination, including decreased access to health care and less trust in healthcare organizations; however, few studies have focused on these barriers as the cause of differential vaccine uptake. We worked with community partners to implement and evaluate two community-driven approaches to COVID-19 vaccination distribution-through faith-based organizations (FBOs) and outpatient clinics-with a focus on understanding the differences between the populations who accessed each distribution method.

Methodology: Participants who came to the vaccination locations were approached and asked to complete a survey during their 15 min post-vaccination observation period.

Overcoming barriers and enhancing facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination in the Hispanic community.

Background: Hispanic communities in the United States have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and death. Vaccination against COVID-19 is critical for controlling the pandemic; however, higher levels of vaccine hesitancy and reduced vaccine uptake constrain efforts to mitigate the pandemic and could perpetuate disparities. The aim of this study was to understand barriers and facilitators to COVID-19 vaccination through the lived experiences of Hispanic persons living in Arkansas.

Downward National Trends in Mental Health Treatment Offered in Spanish: State Differences by Proportion of Hispanic Residents.

Objective: This study aimed to determine how the prevalence of mental health treatment facilities that offer services in Spanish has changed over time in the United States.

Methods: Data from the National Mental Health Services Survey conducted in 2014 (N=13,015 facilities) and 2019 (N=12,345 facilities) were used to measure changes in the proportions of facilities that offered treatment in Spanish overall and by year, state, and proportion of Hispanic residents. Descriptive statistics were used to illustrate state-level changes in services offered in Spanish.

Why don't all nurse practitioners precept? A comparative study.

Background: Preceptors are integral in nurse practitioner (NP) education. A shortage of willing preceptors limits graduations from NP programs. However, little is known about why NPs decide not to precept.

Identifying community needs of the Hispanic faith community to develop a research agenda.

Objective: To conduct a community health needs assessment among the Hispanic faith community population to develop a community-partnered research agenda.

Design: A cross-sectional design was used to conduct a community needs assessment using a community-based participatory research approach SAMPLE: Hispanic faith community members in Central Arkansas.

Measurement: Data collection was led by Hispanic faith leaders using an audience response system at places of worship.

Sociodemographic Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, Fear of Infection, and Protection Self-Efficacy.

Objectives: Arkansas COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been lower than the national average. This study examined associations between sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, fear of infection, and protection self-efficacy.

Methods: Adults either residing, having employment, or receiving health care in Arkansas (n = 754) participated in an online survey between October 30, 2020 and January 16, 2021.

Arkansans' Preferred COVID-19 Testing Locations.

Introduction: A contributing factor to racial and ethnic disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic may be the accessibility and acceptability of COVID-19 testing. Previous studies found that access to testing has not been equitable across several sociodemographic indicators. This study documents the preferred testing locations and examines differences across sociodemographic factors with a specific focus on race and ethnicity.

Neuraxial Analgesia in Pregnant Hispanic Women: An Assessment of Their Beliefs and Expectations.

Background: The presence of racial/ethnic disparities in the use of neuraxial labor analgesia for childbirth has been previously described. The purpose of this study was to assess the childbirth pain management beliefs among a small sample of pregnant Hispanic women and to evaluate the Spanish translation accuracy of the Childbirth Pain Scale (CPBS).

Methods: To collect data, we interviewed 20 pregnant Spanish-speaking women using an interview guide, a demographic datasheet, and the CPBS a 15-item survey.

Evaluation of an Education Strategy versus Usual Care to Implement the STEADI Algorithm in Primary Care Clinics in an Academic Medical Center.

Background: Although falls are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US in the older adult population, there is little information regarding implementation of evidence-based fall prevention guidelines within primary care settings. The objective of this study was to address this gap in the literature by determining the effectiveness of the use of education and written materials as implementation strategies.

Methods: Using a prospective, mixed methods, controlled before-and-after study design, we studied the effect of the Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (STEADI) education and written materials on knowledge and intention to use in primary care clinics as well as test the screening, assessment, and intervention behaviors.

Screening Patients Who Speak Spanish for Low Health Literacy.

Background: Inadequate health literacy is a national health problem that affects about 90 million people from all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Conceptual and empirical models of health literacy position language as one of the most significant contributors to health literacy.

Objective: A validated Spanish health literacy screening question asks how confident patients are at filling out medical forms, but it does not clarify whether the forms are in English or in Spanish, contributing to ambiguity and potentially affecting validity.

Prenatal particulate air pollution exposure and sleep disruption in preschoolers: Windows of susceptibility.

Background: The programming of sleep architecture begins in pregnancy and depends upon optimal in utero formation and maturation of the neural connectivity of the brain. Particulate air pollution exposure can disrupt fetal brain development but associations between fine particulate matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy and child sleep outcomes have not been previously explored.

Methods: Analyses included 397 mother-child pairs enrolled in a pregnancy cohort in Mexico City.

Dentine biomarkers of prenatal and early childhood exposure to manganese, zinc and lead and childhood behavior.

Background: Metal exposure alters neurodevelopmental outcomes; little is known about critical windows of susceptibility when exposure exerts the strongest effect.

Objective: To examine associations between dentine biomarkers of manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) and later childhood behaviors.

Methods: Subjects enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort study in Mexico City provided naturally shed deciduous teeth.

Vegetables and lean proteins-based and processed meats and refined grains -based dietary patterns in early childhood are associated with pubertal timing in a sex-specific manner: a prospective study of children from Mexico City.

Childhood diet has been implicated in timing of sexual maturation. A key limitation of published studies is the focus on individual foods rather than patterns. We hypothesized that dietary patterns characterized by fruits and vegetables during early childhood (age 3 years) would be associated with delayed pubertal timing, whereas energy-dense and meat-based dietary patterns would relate to earlier puberty.

Prenatal exposure to PM and birth weight: A pooled analysis from three North American longitudinal pregnancy cohort studies.

A common practice when analyzing multi-site epidemiological data is to include a term for 'site' to account for unmeasured effects at each location. This practice should be carefully considered when site can have complex relationships with important demographic and exposure variables. We leverage data from three longitudinal North American pregnancy cohorts to demonstrate a novel method to assess study heterogeneity and potential combinability of studies for pooled analyses in order to better understand how to consider site in analyses.

Predicting coronary heart disease events in women: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: More than 240 000 women in the United States die of coronary heart disease annually. Identifying women's symptoms that predict a coronary heart disease event such as myocardial infarction (MI) could decrease mortality.

Objective: For this longitudinal observational study, we recruited 1097 women, who were either clinician referred or self-referred to a cardiologist and undergoing initial evaluation by a cardiologist, to assess the utility of the prodromal symptoms (PS) section of the McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey (MAPMISS) in predicting the occurrence of cardiac events in women.

Reliability of the McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey among black and white women.

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates are higher among women, particularly black, than men. Women's mortality rates may reflect difficulty in recognizing CHD prodromal symptoms (PS) but reliable screening instruments for women are scarce. The McSweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey (MAPMISS) captures women's PS presentation, but has limited testing among black women.