Efficacy and Safety of Abrilumab in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial for Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Background & Aims: The αβ integrin is a validated target in inflammatory bowel disease. This randomized, phase 2b, placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the anti-αβ antibody abrilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis despite treatment with conventional therapies.

Methods: Patients (total Mayo Score 6-12, recto-sigmoidoscopy score ≥2) with inadequate response or intolerance to conventional therapies were randomized to receive subcutaneous abrilumab (7, 21, or 70 mg) on day 1, weeks 2 and 4, and every 4 weeks; abrilumab 210 mg on day 1; or placebo.

Neurological and Neurosurgical Emergencies in Patients with Hematological Disorders.

Purpose Of Review: Hematologic diseases are blood disorders which can affect different organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems. Some of them are associated with increased risk of permanent disability and death. This review highlights a selected group of primary and acquired hematologic disorders that can present as neurologic or neurosurgical emergencies.

Fatty liver in adolescents on the U.S.-Mexico border.

Purpose: To describe the physical and metabolic characteristics of children diagnosed with fatty liver disease in a gastroenterology clinic in El Paso, Texas.

Data Sources: A retrospective chart review of 31 patients aged 8-18 diagnosed with fatty liver was conducted.

Conclusions: These children were diagnosed with fatty liver by elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (mean ALT levels 126 +/- 08 U/L) and increased hepatic echogenicity measured via ultrasound.

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic syndrome in young Mexican and Mexican-American women.

Young adult women have had the greatest increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) over time, and prevalence is highest in Hispanic women, compared with women of other ethnicities. Factors contributing to the high prevalence of MetS in Hispanic women are unknown. This study was conducted to determine if physical activity or fitness were associated with individual features of MetS in young Mexican and Mexican-American women, and if the associations were independent of fat mass.

Predicting abdominal adipose tissue in overweight Latino youth.

Objectives: 1) Examine associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), and anthropometric and demographic variables; 2) generate and cross-validate prediction equations for estimating VAT and SAAT in overweight Latino children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Participants: 196 overweight 8-13-year-old Latino youth.

Deterioration of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in overweight Hispanic children during pubertal transition: a longitudinal assessment.

Purpose: To examine 1-year changes in insulin dynamics in overweight Hispanic children at high-risk of type 2 diabetes as a function of body composition and pubertal transition.

Experimental Design: Longitudinal changes in insulin dynamics, body composition and maturation were determined in 132 Hispanic children (70 boys/62 girls; aged 10.9 +/- 1.

[Association of risk factors for non transmissible chronic diseases with insuline sensitivity, in young adults in the city of Cali, Colombia].

The prevalence of insulin resistance and risk factors for chronic diseases is not known in Colombia. The purpose of the study was of determine the association of insulin resistance and risk of chronic diseases in young, apparently healthy adults. By convenience, 97 subjects, mean age of 24 years were studied.

Frequency of hypoglycaemia during the intravenous glucose tolerance test in overweight children.

The study aimed to assess the frequency of hypoglycaemia during the insulin-modified, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) in overweight Hispanic children. The study included 210 children, mean age=11+/-1.7 years, BMI percentile=97.

Adiponectin independently predicts metabolic syndrome in overweight Latino youth.

Context: Adiponectin may be important in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in youth.

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the unique effect of adiponectin on the metabolic syndrome in overweight Latino youth.

Participants: Participants included 175 overweight children (aged 11.

Effects of resistance training on insulin sensitivity in overweight Latino adolescent males.

Purpose: Insulin resistance is thought to be a core defect in the pathophysiology of obesity-related comorbidities in children, such as type 2 diabetes. Exercise training is known to improve insulin resistance and reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in adults. However, very little is known regarding the effects of exercise on insulin resistance in youth.

Acculturation is Associated With Higher VO in Overweight Hispanic Children.

Acculturation has been implicated to be associated with physical activity (PA) behaviors in adults; little is known, however, with respect to the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (VO) and/or PA were associated with acculturation status in overweight Hispanic children. In a sample of 144 children 8-13 years old, acculturation status was determined by place of birth: foreign born ( = 17), 1st generation ( = 101), or 2nd/3rd generation ( = 26), and by questionnaire: less assimilated ( = 76) or more assimilated ( = 34).

Longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and beta-cell function during puberty.

Objective: To determine longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity (SI), insulin secretion, and beta-cell function during puberty in white and black youth.

Study Design: The tolbutamide-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling were used to measure SI, the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and beta-cell function (disposition index, DI) in white (n = 46) and black (n = 46) children (mean [+/-SD] age at baseline = 10.2 +/- 1.

The relation of sugar intake to beta cell function in overweight Latino children.

Background: Few studies have investigated the association between sugar intake and insulin dynamics in children, and none have examined this association in overweight Latino youth.

Objective: We aimed to examine the relation between dietary components, especially sugar intake, and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth.

Design: We examined 63 overweight Latino children aged 9-13 y.

Dietary fat intake and insulin resistance in black and white children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary fat intake above current Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) guidelines was associated with greater insulin resistance in black and white children.

Research Methods And Procedures: We studied 142 healthy children (n = 81 whites, n = 61 blacks), 6.5 to 14 years old.

Decreased beta-cell function in overweight Latino children with impaired fasting glucose.

Objective: To determine whether overweight Latino children with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (> or = 100 mg/dl) have increased insulin resistance or decreased beta-cell function compared with those with normal fasting glucose (NFG).

Research Design And Methods: We studied 207 healthy overweight Latino children, aged 8-13 years, with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin were assessed by oral glucose tolerance test.

Cardiovascular fitness and the metabolic syndrome in overweight latino youths.

Purpose: To determine whether cardiovascular fitness (.)VO(2max) is associated with the metabolic syndrome and its individual features in overweight Latino youths.

Methods: A total of 163 overweight Latino boys and girls (body mass index (BMI) percentile = 97.

Impaired glucose tolerance and bone mineral content in overweight latino children with a family history of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Research on the skeletal status of pre-diabetic (type 2 diabetic) children is warranted. We examined the hypothesis that bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) will be lower in children with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) versus normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Research Design And Methods: Total body BMC and BMD of 184 overweight Latino children (106 boys, 78 girls, 11.

Relation between acanthosis nigricans and insulin sensitivity in overweight Hispanic children at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate in a population of Hispanic children if 1) the presence of acanthosis nigricans (AN) is related to insulin sensitivity (S(i)) independent of adiposity and 2) scale scoring AN severity adds to the clinical estimation of insulin sensitivity, above and beyond the presence or absence AN alone.

Research Design And Methods: The study population, 131 Hispanic overweight children (mean BMI percentile 97.0 +/- 3.

The metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.

The metabolic syndrome was recently defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III. Despite a lack of uniform definition of the syndrome in pediatrics, recent studies have shown that the syndrome develops during childhood and is highly prevalent among overweight children and adolescents. The hypothesized central role of insulin resistance and obesity as a common underlying feature of the metabolic syndrome also appears to be already manifested in childhood.

Insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical activity in overweight Hispanic youth.

Objective: To determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness and/or physical activity (PA) were related to measures of insulin sensitivity and secretion independent of body composition in overweight Hispanic children.

Research Methods And Procedures: Ninety-five Hispanic children (n = 55 boys; n = 40 girls; 8 to 13 years old) participated in this investigation. The frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to determine the insulin sensitivity index (SI), the acute insulin response, and the disposition index.

Impaired glucose tolerance and reduced beta-cell function in overweight Latino children with a positive family history for type 2 diabetes.

The objective of this study was to examine relationships between impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and body composition and insulin-related phenotypes in 150 overweight Latino children with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Glucose tolerance was assessed by an oral glucose challenge. Body composition was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging.

The metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth and the role of insulin sensitivity.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is highest among Hispanic adults. However, studies exploring the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth are lacking. Subjects were 126 overweight children (8-13 yr of age) with a family history for type 2 diabetes.

Association between insulin sensitivity and post-glucose challenge plasma insulin values in overweight Latino youth.

Objective: To determine associations between directly measured insulin sensitivity (SI) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived plasma insulin values, or calculated SI indices, in overweight peripubertal Latino children at risk for type 2 diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: Thirty overweight Latino children with a family history of type 2 diabetes, aged 8-13 years, Tanner stages 1-2, underwent an OGTT. Fasting and 2-h plasma insulin values and OGTT-derived SI indices were compared with SI derived from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) with minimal model analysis, before and after adjustment for total body fat and lean tissue mass, or BMI.

Obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents.

Overweight/obesity continues to increase in children and adolescents, and annual obesity-related hospital costs in 6-17 yr olds have reached 127 million dollars per year. Overweight children and adolescents are now being diagnosed with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, and they show early signs of the insulin resistance syndrome and cardiovascular risk. Several risk factors have been identified as contributors to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk in youth.