Competition in the chemostat with an undesirable lethal competitor.

In this study, we compare the effects of competitors in a chemostat when one of the competitors is lethal to the other. The first competitor ("the mutant") is the desired organism because it provides a benefit, such as a substance that is harvested. However, when the mutant undergoes cell division the result may return to the original ("wild type") organism that produces a substance ("toxin") that is lethal to the mutant.

A fractal analysis of human cranial sutures.

Objectives: Many biological structures are products of repeated iteration functions. As such, they demonstrate characteristic, scale-invariant features. Fractal analysis of these features elucidates the mechanism of their formation.