The Role of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Acute Severe Colitis in Children.

Objectives: Acute severe colitis (ASC) occurs in up to 15 percent of children with ulcerative colitis, with a high index of morbidity and mortality. Treatment includes high-dose steroids, infliximab, and salvage therapies. Unfortunately, up to 20 percent of patients may need an urgent colectomy due to treatment failure.

Oral Lorazepam is not Superior to Placebo for Lowering Stress in Children Before Digestive Endoscopy: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Background: Digestive endoscopies must be performed within a safe and comfortable environment. We have previously shown that the quality of intravenous sedation is influenced by preoperative stress.

Aim: Our primary objective was to compare the effects of oral lorazepam and placebo on the salivary cortisol response of children undergoing a digestive endoscopy.

Capsule endoscopy in the pediatric patient.

Wireless capsule endoscopy represents an extraordinary technical innovation in diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy. As in adult patients, it opens new horizons that permit an accurate and noninvasive approach to identifying occult lesions in the small bowel in children and adolescents. A limitation in the pediatric age group is the size of the capsule, precluding its use in infants and small toddlers.

Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children: recommendations of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by a permanent sensitivity to gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It occurs in children and adolescents with gastrointestinal symptoms, dermatitis herpetiformis, dental enamel defects, osteoporosis, short stature, delayed puberty and persistent iron deficiency anemia and in asymptomatic individuals with type 1 diabetes, Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Williams syndrome, selective immunoglobulin (Ig)A deficiency and first degree relatives of individuals with celiac disease. The Celiac Disease Guideline Committee of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition has formulated a clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric celiac disease based on an integration of a systematic review of the medical literature combined with expert opinion.

Practical considerations for the identification and follow-up of children with celiac disease.

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy affecting 0.5% to 1% of children and is induced by dietary gluten in susceptible individuals carrying the human leukocyte antigen DQ2 or DQ8 heterodimer. If serological screening is positive or if a patient displays suggestive symptoms, an endoscopic biopsy of the distal duodenum is required to confirm the diagnosis.