A 4-day sodium-controlled diet reduces variability of overnight sodium excretion in free-living normotensive adolescents.

The present analysis examined changes in the variability of overnight sodium excretion in 84 free-living adolescents (ages 15 to 19 years) on a 4-day sodium-controlled diet in which foods provided were selected by adolescents from an extensive list of menu items. The only selection criterion imposed was that foods selected for each day contain 4,000+/-200 mg sodium. Adolescents collected overnight urine samples.

Relationship of body composition to stress-induced pressure natriuresis in youth.

Background: The contribution of stress to obesity-related cardiovascular disease is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of body composition on stress-induced pressure natriuresis.

Methods: Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry was performed in 127 African American and white youths to assess lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and total percentage of body fat (%BF).

The association of caffeinated beverages with blood pressure in adolescents.

Objective: To assess the association between the consumption of caffeinated beverages and blood pressure in African American and white adolescents.

Design: This study was part of ongoing research examining stress-induced hemodynamic responses in adolescents. African American and white adolescents (n = 159) selected foods and beverages for a 3-day sodium-controlled diet.

Adiposity is related to gender differences in impaired stress-induced pressure natriuresis.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there are gender differences in stress-induced pressure natriuresis and to examine the effects of adiposity on these differences. The subjects were 151 boys and 141 girls 15 to 18 years of age who underwent a 5-hour stress protocol (2-hour prestress, 1-hour stress, 2-hour poststress) after being brought into similar levels of sodium balance. The gender-by-condition interaction was significant for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.

A comparison of ambulatory blood pressure patterns across populations.

Background: Black individuals are characterized by a blunted nocturnal decline (i.e. dipping) in blood pressure compared with whites.

Impaired stress-induced pressure natriuresis increases cardiovascularload in African American youths.

Background: We hypothesized that impaired stress-induced pressure natriuresis increases blood pressure (BP) load.

Methods: The 118 African American youths were brought into similar levels of sodium balance. The protocol consisted of a 2-h baseline period, a 1-h stress period (competitive video games), and a 2-h recovery period.

A longitudinal study of ethnic differences in ambulatory blood pressure patterns in youth.

Background: Many studies demonstrated an ethnic difference in ambulatory blood pressure (BP) patterns. We examined: 1) the stability of this difference; 2) demographic and anthropometric characteristics that predict the difference over 2 years; and 3) the clinical significance of the difference.

Methods: Recordings were performed 2 years apart on 94 African American and 92 European American youths with a positive family history of hypertension, aged 14 +/- 2 years at initial testing.