Gender effect of glucose, insulin/glucagon ratio, lipids, and nitrogen-metabolites on serum HGF and EGF levels in patients with diabetes type 2.

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) exhibits potent growth-inducing properties across various tissues, while epidermal growth factor (EGF) acts as a molecular integration point for diverse stimuli. HGF plays a crucial role in hepatic metabolism, tissue repair, and offers protective effects on epithelial and non-epithelial organs, in addition to its involvement in reducing apoptosis and inflammation, underscoring its anti-inflammatory capabilities. The HGF-Met system is instrumental in hepatic metabolism and enhancing insulin sensitivity in animal diabetes models.

Ethanol Metabolism in the Liver, the Induction of Oxidant Stress, and the Antioxidant Defense System.

The liver metabolizes ethanol through three enzymatic pathways: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome p450 (also called MEOS), and catalase. Alcohol dehydrogenase class I (ADH1) is considered the most important enzyme for the metabolism of ethanol, MEOS and catalase (CAT) are considered minor alternative pathways. However, contradicting experiments suggest that the non-ADH1 pathway may have a greater relevance for the metabolism of ethanol than previously thought.

Possible Gender Influence in the Mechanisms Underlying the Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response, and the Metabolic Alterations in Patients with Obesity and/or Type 2 Diabetes.

The number of patients afflicted by type 2 diabetes and its morbidities has increased alarmingly, becoming the cause of many deaths. Normally, during nutrient intake, insulin secretion is increased and glucagon secretion is repressed, but when plasma glucose concentration increases, a state of prediabetes occurs. High concentration of plasma glucose breaks the redox balance, inducing an oxidative stress that promotes chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion.

The role of oxidant stress and gender in the erythrocyte arginine metabolism and ammonia management in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To study the differences in the levels of nitrogen metabolites, such as ammonia and nitric oxide and the correlations existing among them in both red blood cells (RBCs) and serum, as well as the possible differences by gender in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Design And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 80 patients diagnosed with type 2 DM (40 female and 40 male patients) and their corresponding controls paired by gender (40 female and 40 male). We separated serum and RBC and determined metabolites mainly through colorimetric and spectrophotometric assays.

Role of NADPH oxidases in inducing a selective increase of oxidant stress and cyclin D1 and checkpoint 1 over-expression during progression to human gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the main causes of global mortality. Here, reactive oxygen species (ROS) could largely contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. Hence, the present work was aimed to assess the role of ROS, oxidant status, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) expression, during human gastric adenocarcinoma.

Is Liver Enzyme Release Really Associated with Cell Necrosis Induced by Oxidant Stress?

Hepatic diseases are a major concern worldwide. Increased specific plasma enzyme activities are considered diagnostic features for liver diseases, since enzymes are released into the blood compartment following the deterioration of the organ. Release of liver mitochondrial enzymes is considered strong evidence for hepatic necrosis, which is associated with an increased production of ROS, often leading to greater hepatic lipid peroxidation.

Staphylococcus epidermidis: metabolic adaptation and biofilm formation in response to different oxygen concentrations.

Staphylococcus epidermidis has become a major health hazard. It is necessary to study its metabolism and hopefully uncover therapeutic targets. Cultivating S.

Purification and characterization of the membrane-bound quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL 5.

Acetic acid bacteria oxidize a great number of substrates, such as alcohols and sugars, using different enzymes that are anchored to the membrane. In particular, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is distinguished for its N2-fixing activity under high-aeration conditions. Ga.

The oxidative fermentation of ethanol in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a two-step pathway catalyzed by a single enzyme: alcohol-aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ADHa).

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a N2-fixing bacterium endophyte from sugar cane. The oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid of this organism takes place in the periplasmic space, and this reaction is catalyzed by two membrane-bound enzymes complexes: the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). We present strong evidence showing that the well-known membrane-bound Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHa) of Ga.

The PQQ-alcohol dehydrogenase of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus.

The oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid is the most characteristic process in acetic acid bacteria. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is rather unique among the acetic acid bacteria as it carries out nitrogen fixation and is a true endophyte, originally isolated from sugar cane. Aside its peculiar life style, Ga.

Rate of oxidant stress regulates balance between rat gastric mucosa proliferation and apoptosis.

We have characterized an experimental model of ethanol-induced chronic gastritis in which a compensatory mucosal cell proliferation is apparently regulated by lipoperoxidative events. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to further assess the participation of oxidant stress during gastric mucosa proliferation, by administering alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) to rats with gastritis. A morphometric analysis was done, and parameters indicative of oxidant stress, cellular proliferation (including cyclin D1 levels), apoptotic events, and activities of endogenous antioxidant systems were measured in gastric mucosa from our experimental groups.

Flavohemoglobin Hmp, but not its individual domains, confers protection from respiratory inhibition by nitric oxide in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli possesses a two-domain flavohemoglobin, Hmp, implicated in nitric oxide (NO) detoxification. To determine the contribution of each domain of Hmp toward NO detoxification, we genetically engineered the Hmp protein and separately expressed the heme (HD) and the flavin (FD) domains in a defined hmp mutant. Expression of each domain was confirmed by Western blot analysis.

A novel double heme substitution produces a functional bo3 variant of the quinol oxidase aa3 of Bacillus cereus. Purification and paratial characterization.

A novel bo3-type quinol oxidase was highly purified from Bacillus cereus PYM1, a spontaneous mutant unable to synthesize heme A and therefore spectroscopically detectable cytochromes aa3 and caa3. The purified enzyme contained 12.4 nmol of heme O and 11.