New Advances in the Study of CMTM6, a Focus on Its Novel Non-Canonical Cellular Locations, and Functions beyond Its Role as a PD-L1 Stabilizer.

CMTM6 is a membrane protein that acts as a regulator of PD-L1, maintaining its expression on the cell surface, and can prevent its lysosome-mediated degradation. It is unknown if CMTM6 is present in the plasma of patients with cervical cancer, and if it has non-canonical subcellular localizations in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. Our objective was to determine whether CMTM6 is found in plasma derived from cervical cancer patients and its subcellular localization in cell lines.

Cataloging circulating CD3CD56 NKT-like cells through a series of stimulating (NKG2D and DNAM-1) and inhibitory (PD-1, TIGIT, and Tim-3) immune checkpoint receptors in women diagnosed with precancerous cervical lesions or invasive cervical carcinoma.

Persistent human papillomavirus infection is associated with the development of premalignant lesions that can eventually lead to cervical cancer. In this study, we evaluated the expression of activating (NKG2D, DNAM-1) and inhibitory immune checkpoints receptors (PD-1, TIGIT, and Tim-3) in peripheral blood NKT-like (CD3CD56) lymphocytes from patients with cervical carcinoma (CC, n = 19), high-grade lesions (HG, n = 8), low-grade lesions (LG, n = 19) and healthy donors (HD, n = 17) using multiparametric flow cytometry. Dimensional data analysis showed four clusters within the CD3CD56 cells with different patterns of receptor expression.

A Modified Method for the Quantification of Immune Checkpoint Ligands on Exosomes from Human Serum using Flow Cytometry.

Exosomes are the smallest of the extracellular vesicles and can contain a variety of different cargos, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins. Ultracentrifugation followed by electron microscopy has historically been used for the isolation and visualization of exosomes; Western blot and ELISA have also been used, but these techniques are only semiquantitative and are unable to distinguish different exosome markers in the same sample. To resolve some of these issues, we propose a modification of a bead-based flow cytometry method.

B7-H6, an immunoligand for the natural killer cell activating receptor NKp30, reveals inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration, but not apoptosis, in cervical cancer derived-cell lines.

Background: Although great progress has been made in treatment regimens, cervical cancer remains as one of the most common cancer in women worldwide. Studies focusing on molecules that regulate carcinogenesis may provide potential therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer. B7-H6, an activating immunoligand expressed by several tumor cells, is known to activate NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity once engaged with its natural receptor NKp30.

Anti-fouling SERS-based immunosensor for point-of-care detection of the B7-H6 tumor biomarker in cervical cancer patient serum.

Herein, we report the development of sandwich type Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) immunosensor modified to be zwitterionic for the detection of soluble B7-H6 biomarker in blood serum from cervical cancer patients. Anti-fouling capture SERS substrate of biosensor based on gold (Au) thin film was modified with a self-assembled monolayer of zwitterionic l-cysteine to combat serum fouling and was then conjugated with NKp30 receptor protein to capture the B7-H6 biomarker in blood serum. The SERS nanoprobe based on spiky gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was functionalized with ATP reporter molecule, that is stable at a wide range of pH, making the SERS signal reliable in complex media.

Differential effects of alliin and allicin on apoptosis and senescence in luminal A and triple-negative breast cancer: Caspase, ΔΨm, and pro-apoptotic gene involvement.

Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, and drug resistance is common in all breast cancer types. The combination of natural products with chemotherapies has attracted attention, as it was found that natural compounds enhance the effects of standard cancer chemotherapeutic drugs and protect from side effects. Into the different natural products, garlic has been recognized for its antitumor properties.

Low-dose endosulfan inhibits proliferation and induces senescence and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human lymphocytes, preferentially impacting cytotoxic cells.

Endosulfan is a DDT-era organochlorine pesticide. Due to past and current environmental contamination, investigation of endosulfan exposure is of current importance. Acute high dose exposure precipitates neural/endocrine system damage, but the effects on the immune system and of lower doses are not well-characterized.

Chronic exposure to endosulfan induces inflammation in murine colon via β-catenin expression and IL-6 production.

Endosulfan (ENDO) is a widely used organochlorine (OC) pesticide and persistent organo-pollutant. Epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of OC exposure were related to colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate histological changes in the colon, as well as in in situ expression of β-catenin and P-selectin, and serum levels of select pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice administered ENDO; there is a relationship between increased serum IL-6 and P-selectin levels in CRC patients and aberrant β-catenin signaling is important in initiation/maintenance of most CRCs.

Endosulfan decreases cytotoxic activity of nonspecific cytotoxic cells and expression of granzyme gene in Oreochromis niloticus.

The effect of the organochlorinated insecticide endosulfan, on the cytotoxic activity of Nile tilapia nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCC) was assessed. Juvenile Nile tilapia were exposed to endosulfan (7 ppb) for 96 h and splenic NCC were isolated. Flow cytometric phenotyping of NCC was based on the detection of the NCC specific membrane signaling protein NCCRP-1 by using the monoclonal antibody Mab 5C6; granzyme expression was evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR.

Effects of low concentration of endosulfan on proliferation, ERK1/2 pathway, apoptosis and senescence in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) splenocytes.

Endosulfan is a potent organochlorinated pesticide that is known to induce side effects in aquatic organisms, including Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). It has been previously shown that endosulfan induces oxidative stress and non-specific activation of splenic macrophages and exacerbated serum interleukin-2 synthesis in Nile tilapia. Endosulfan may promote proliferation of T cells through MAP kinase (MAPK) activated signal transductions.

Endosulfan increases seric interleukin-2 like (IL-2L) factor and immunoglobulin M (IgM) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with Aeromona hydrophila.

Endosulfan is a persistent organochlorine insecticide which is extremely toxic to fish. It is known to induce immunological alterations in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) such as increases in phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production of spleen macrophages. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of acute exposure to a sublethal concentration of endosulfan (7 ppb, 96 h) on parameters of the adaptive humoral immune response of the aforementioned aquatic organism.

Oxidative stress in macrophages from spleen of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of endosulfan.

Endosulfan is a widely used insecticide with immunosuppressive or immunopotentiating effects which alters the immune response of fish. The effects of the acute exposure to endosulfan on a series of parameters of the innate immune response (IIR) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were investigated-phagocytosis, production of oxygen reactive species, lipoperoxidation as well as spleen cell viability, relative spleen weight and splenocyte concentration-to fully document the effects of this pesticide on Nile tilapia. Juvenile Nile tilapia were exposed in vivo and for 96h to each one of nine concentrations of endosulfan in order to determine the pesticide's acute toxicity level and calculate the lethal concentration of endosulfan to these organisms (LC(50)=12,795ppb).