Gastrointestinal hormones and subjective ratings of appetite after low-carbohydrate vs low-fat low-energy diets in females with lipedema - A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ketosis seems to attenuate, or prevent, the rise in both ghrelin concentrations and subjective hunger ratings that follow weight loss. However, most of the previous studies have employed very-low energy diets (VLED) and are therefore limited in terms of generalizability.

Objectives: To compare changes in ghrelin plasma concentrations after a low-carbohydrate (LCD) versus an isocaloric low-fat low energy diet (LED) in females with lipedema.