The Use of Microwave Treatment as a Sustainable Technology for the Drying of Metallurgical Sludge.

The modern metallurgical industry produces approximately 90% of the volume of all produced steel; for this, integrated technology based on fossil materials such as coal, fluxes, and especially iron ore is used. This industry generates large amounts of waste and by-products at almost all stages of production. Alternative iron and steel production technologies based on iron ore, methane, or pure hydrogen are also not waste-free.

Utilization of High-Zn Content Ferrous Landfill Sludge with the Use of Hydrogen.

Sludge, due to its form and significant moisture and zinc content, is the most problematic metallurgical waste. Near the site of a disused steelworks plant in Krakow (Poland) there is an estimated 5 million tonnes of landfill sludge that consists of more than 90% iron and other metal oxides. There is a global tendency to switch steel production towards carbonless technologies, which is why the presented work investigates the possibility of simultaneous waste liquidation and recovery of valuable metals with the use of hydrogenous reduction.

Numerical Investigation of Outflow of Non-Metallic Inclusions during Steel Refining in the Ladle.

The article presents the results of numerical simulations of liquid steel flow in the main steelmaking ladle. The paper analyses the mechanism of the outflow of non-metallic AlO and MnS inclusions with diameters in the range of 4-27 µm. The simulations were performed with ANSYS Fluent software.

Investigations of Liquid Steel Viscosity and Its Impact as the Initial Parameter on Modeling of the Steel Flow through the Tundish.

The paper presents research carried out to experimentally determine the dynamic viscosity of selected iron solutions. A high temperature rheometer with an air bearing was used for the tests, and ANSYS Fluent commercial software was used for numerical simulations. The experimental results obtained are, on average, lower by half than the values of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of liquid steel adopted during fluid flow modeling.

Prospective outcome assessment of arthroscopic arthrolysis for traumatic and degenerative elbow contracture.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of arthroscopic elbow release for both traumatic and degenerative contractures from intraoperative recording through the recovery time until final follow-up.

Methods: The study is based on 54 consecutive patients with extrinsic elbow contracture (traumatic in 31 and degenerative in 23) treated with arthroscopic arthrolysis by a single surgeon in 2011-2015. Range of motion (ROM) and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) were recorded preoperatively; intraoperatively; following release; and in the 1st, 3rd, 8th, 12th, and 26th weeks and at 2 years postoperatively.

Effect of arthroscopic techniques on joint volume in shoulder instability: Bankart repair versus capsular shift.

Purpose: The evaluation of glenohumeral joint volume in both unstable (with/without laxity) and stable shoulders (subacromial impingement) and volume reduction potential of arthroscopic techniques: (labral anchor repair vs. capsular shift).

Methods: Material was based on 133 patients: anterior shoulder instability without laxity (group I, n = 49), with laxity (group II, n = 22) and subacromial impingement (control group, n = 62) operated in 2010-2011.

Problems of the glenohumeral joint in overhead sports - literature review. Part II - pathology and pathophysiology.

In throwing sports shoulder is exposed to enormous and often repetitive overloads. Some sports (contact sports) are also connected with direct trauma. We are thus dealing with traumatic injuries, overload and degenerative damage.