Quantitative analysis of transferrin uptake into living cells at single-molecule level.

Endocytosis, apart from providing a mechanism for cells to take up nutrients, is the principal route of entry for many nanomedicines. The evaluation of therapeutic delivery efficiency without providing quantitative parameters, like the number of molecules entering the cell and the time of their entry, is very limited. Despite advances in single-molecule methods for in-cell quantitative measurements, they have not become widely used in the study of endocytosis.

Surface and composition effects on the biphasic cytotoxicity of nanocomposites synthesized using leaf extracts.

The Malus sylvestris L. (LE1), Pinus sylvestris L. (LE2), and Sorbus aucuparia L.

Living Cell as a Self-Synchronized Chemical Reactor.

Thermal fluctuations power all processes inside living cells. Therefore, these processes are inherently random. However, myriad multistep chemical reactions act in concerto inside a cell, finally leading to this chemical reactor's self-replication.

Quantitative analysis of biochemical processes in living cells at a single-molecule level: a case of olaparib-PARP1 (DNA repair protein) interactions.

Quantitative description of biochemical processes inside living cells and at single-molecule levels remains a challenge at the forefront of modern instrumentation and spectroscopy. This paper demonstrates such single-cell, single-molecule analyses performed to study the mechanism of action of olaparib - an up-to-date, FDA-approved drug for germline-BRCA mutated metastatic breast cancer. We characterized complexes formed with PARPi-FL - fluorescent analog of olaparib and in cancer cells using the advanced fluorescent-based method: Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) combined with a length-scale dependent cytoplasmic/nucleoplasmic viscosity model.

Two Intercalation Mechanisms of Oxazole Yellow Dimer (YOYO-1) into DNA.

The oxazole yellow dye, YOYO-1 (a symmetric homodimer), is a commonly used molecule for staining DNA. We applied the brightness analysis to study the intercalation of YOYO-1 into the DNA. We distinguished two binding modes of the dye to dsDNA: mono-intercalation and bis-intercalation.

Transport of nanoprobes in multicellular spheroids.

The efficient delivery of drugs to cells depends on their diffusion through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. Here we present a study on the diffusion of nanoprobes of radius from 1 nm to over 100 nm in the ECM of spheroids of three cell types (HeLa, MCF-7 and fibroblasts). We quantified the nanoparticle transport in the spheroids' proliferating zone.

TMAO, a seafood-derived molecule, produces diuresis and reduces mortality in heart failure rats.

Trimethylamine-oxide (TMAO) is present in seafood which is considered to be beneficial for health. Deep-water animals accumulate TMAO to protect proteins, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), against hydrostatic pressure stress (HPS). We hypothesized that TMAO exerts beneficial effects on the circulatory system and protects cardiac LDH exposed to HPS produced by the contracting heart.

TMA, A Forgotten Uremic Toxin, but Not TMAO, Is Involved in Cardiovascular Pathology.

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been suggested as a marker and mediator of cardiovascular diseases. However, data are contradictory, and the mechanisms are obscure. Strikingly, the role of the TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) has not drawn attention in cardiovascular studies even though toxic effects of TMA were proposed several decades ago.