Erectile Function Recovery After Nerve-Sparing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Is Back to Baseline Status Enough for Patient Satisfaction?

Introduction: Several definitions of erectile function (EF) recovery after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (BNSRP) have been proposed based on the results of the International Index of EF (IIEF).

Aim: We aimed at evaluating overall satisfaction (OS) after BNSRP according to the ability to achieve the pretreatment EF.

Methods: We evaluated data of 652 patients treated with BNSRP for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa).

The early development of human mirror mechanisms: evidence from electromyographic recordings at 3 and 6 months.

In primates and adult humans direct understanding of others' action is provided by mirror mechanisms matching action observation and action execution (e.g. Casile, Caggiano & Ferrari, 2011).

Increasing magnitude counts more: asymmetrical processing of ordinality in 4-month-old infants.

While infants' ability to discriminate quantities has been extensively studied, showing that this competence is present even in neonates, the ability to compute ordinal relations between magnitudes has received much less attention. Here we show that the ability to represent ordinal information embedded in size-based sequences is apparent at 4months of age, provided that magnitude changes involve increasing relations. Infants in Experiments 1A and 1B discriminated changes in ordinal relations after habituation to ascending sequences, but did not show evidence of discrimination after habituation to descending sequences.

Seven-month-olds detect ordinal numerical relationships within temporal sequences.

Previous evidence has shown that 11-month-olds represent ordinal relations between purely numerical values, whereas younger infants require a confluence of numerical and non-numerical cues. In this study, we show that when multiple featural cues (i.e.

Early experience predicts later plasticity for face processing: evidence for the reactivation of dormant effects.

Research has shown that experience acquired in infancy dramatically affects face-discrimination abilities. Yet much less is known about whether face processing retains any flexibility after the 1st year of life. Here, we show that early experience with an individual infant face can modulate the recognition performance of 3-year-old children and the perceptual processes they use to recognize infant faces (Experiment 1).

Holistic processing for faces and cars in preschool-aged children and adults: evidence from the composite effect.

The current study compared the development of holistic processing for faces and non-face visual objects by testing for the composite effect for faces and frontal images of cars in 3- to 5-year-old children and adults in a series of four experiments using a two-alternative forced-choice recognition task. Results showed that a composite effect for faces was present as early as 3 1/2 years, and none of the age groups tested showed signs of a composite effect for cars. These findings provide the first demonstration that holistic processing is already selective for faces in early childhood, and confirm existing evidence that sensitivity to holistic information in faces does not increase from 4 years to adulthood.

Why mix-ups don't happen in the nursery: evidence for an experience-based interpretation of the other-age effect.

Adults' face recognition abilities vary across face types, as evidenced by the other-race and other-species effects. Recent evidence shows that face age is another dimension affecting adults' performance in face recognition tasks, giving rise to an other-age effect (OAE). By comparing recognition performance for adult and newborn faces in a group of maternity-ward nurses and a control group of novice participants, the current study provides evidence for an experience-based interpretation of the OAE.

The effect of inversion on 3- to 5-year-olds' recognition of face and nonface visual objects.

This study compared the effect of stimulus inversion on 3- to 5-year-olds' recognition of faces and two nonface object categories matched with faces for a number of attributes: shoes (Experiment 1) and frontal images of cars (Experiments 2 and 3). The inversion effect was present for faces but not shoes at 3 years of age (Experiment 1). Analogous results were found for boys when faces were compared with frontal images of cars.

Do all kids look alike? Evidence for an other-age effect in adults.

The current study provides evidence for the existence of an other-age effect (OAE), analogous to the well-documented other-race effect. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrate that adults are better at recognizing adult faces compared with faces of newborns and children. Results from Experiment 3 indicate that the OAE obtained with child faces can be modulated by experience.