Assessment of the Role of Free-Living and Farmed Fallow Deer () as A Potential Source of Human Infection with Multiple-Drug-Resistant Strains of and .

and are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria that cause yersiniosis-one of the most important zoonotic diseases of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of potentially human-pathogenic and strains in free-living and farmed fallow deer, and to evaluate their sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. A total of 372 rectal swabs were analyzed, including 262 from free-living and 110 from farmed fallow deer.

Bioserotypes, Virulence Markers, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds.

The risk of meat contamination with poses a threat to consumers and persons who come into contact with bird carcasses. The occurrence of . in the vast majority of migratory game species, the capercaillie, and the black grouse has never been studied in Poland, Europe, or in the world.

Phenotypic and genotypic presence of the Yersinia virulence plasmid do not affect the production of enterotoxin YstA by Yersinia enterocolitica strains.

The aim of the study was to determine whether the presence of the Yersinia virulence plasmid could affect the production of enterotoxin YstA by Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from pigs which are the main source of infection for humans. The phenotypic features characteristic for the Yersinia virulence plasmid were detected on CRMOX agar in 8 out of 12 strains producing enterotoxin YstA, in 5 out of 12 doubtful strains, and in 11 out of 12 strains not producing YstA.