Dissimilar Trypanosoma cruzi genotype-specific serological profile assessed by Chagas-Flow ATE IgG1 upon benznidazole etiological treatment of chronic Chagas disease.

The present study aimed to verify the impact of etiological treatment on the genotype-specific serological diagnosis of chronic Chagas disease patients (CH), using the Chagas-Flow ATE IgG1 methodology. For this purpose, a total of 92 serum samples from CH, categorized as Not Treated (NT, n = 32) and Benznidazole-Treated (Bz-T, n = 60), were tested at Study Baseline and 5Years Follow-up. At Study Baseline, all patients have the diagnosis of Chagas disease confirmed by Chagas-Flow ATE IgG1, using the set of attributes ("antigen/serum dilution/cut-off"; "EVI/250/30%").

Screening of synthetic 1,2,3-triazolic compounds inspired by SRPIN340 as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents.

Background: The current treatments for Chagas disease (CD) include benznidazole and nifurtimox, which have limited efficacy and cause numerous side effects. Triazoles are candidates for new CD treatments due to their ability to eliminate T. cruzi parasites by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, thereby damaging the cell membranes of the parasite.

Refinement of the rKLi8.3-Based Serodiagnostic ELISA Allows Detection of Canine Leishmaniosis in Dogs with Low Antibody Titers.

The diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) still represents a challenge due to the variable clinical manifestations and the large number of asymptomatic dogs. Serological tests are most commonly used to detect infected animals, revealing anti- antibodies, mainly of the IgG isotype. Recently, a new diagnostic antigen, rKLi8.

Lychnopholide loaded in surface modified polylactide nanocapsules (LYC-PLA-PEG-NC) cure mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi strain a prototype of resistance to benznidazole and nifurtimox: First insights of its mechanism of action.

Chagas disease (CD) remains neglected and causes high morbidity and mortality. The great difficulty is the lack of effective treatment. The current drugs cause side effects and have limited therapeutic efficacy in the chronic phase.

Novel diamides inspired by protein kinase inhibitors as anti- agents: and evaluations.

Chagas disease is a life-threatening illness caused by . The involvement of serine-/arginine-rich protein kinase in the life cycle is significant. To synthesize, characterize and evaluate the trypanocidal activity of diamides inspired by kinase inhibitor, SRPIN340.

Silymarin inhibits the lipogenic pathway and reduces worsening of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice.

Context: The role of silymarin in hepatic lipid dysfunction and its possible mechanisms of action were investigated.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of silymarin on hepatic and metabolic profiles in mice fed with 30% fructose for 8 weeks.

Methods: We evaluated the antioxidant profile of silymarin; mice consumed 30% fructose and were treated with silymarin (120mg/kg/day or 240 mg/kg/day).

Entomological surveillance of Chagas disease in the East of Minas Gerais region, Brazil.

Background: After decentralizing the actions of the Chagas Disease Control Program (CDCP) in Brazil, municipalities were now responsible for control measures against this endemic, supervised by the Regional Health Superintendencies (RHS). We aimed to evaluate the recent entomological surveillance of Chagas disease in the Regional Health Superintendence of Governador Valadares (RHS/GV) from 2014 to 2019.

Methods: Triatomines captured by residents during entomological surveillance were sent to the reference laboratory, where the species and evolutionary stages were identified, place of capture, and presence of Trypanosoma cruzi.

In vitro interaction of polyethylene glycol-block-poly(D,L-lactide) nanocapsule devices with host cardiomyoblasts and Trypanosoma cruzi-infective forms.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is an important public health problem in Latin America. Nanoencapsulation of anti-T. cruzi drugs has significantly improved their efficacy and reduced cardiotoxicity.

Automatic detection of the parasite in blood smears using a machine learning approach applied to mobile phone images.

Chagas disease is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite . The diagnosis of the acute form of the disease is performed by trained microscopists who detect parasites in blood smear samples. Since this method requires a dedicated high-resolution camera system attached to the microscope, the diagnostic method is more expensive and often prohibitive for low-income settings.

Benznidazole, itraconazole, and their combination for the treatment of chronic experimental Chagas disease in dogs.

Treatment for Chagas disease has limited efficacy in the chronic phase. We evaluated benznidazole (BZ) and itraconazole (ITZ) individually and in association in dogs 16 months after infection with a BZ-resistant Trypanosoma cruzi strain. Four study groups (20 animals) were evaluated and treated for 60 days with BZ, ITZ, or BZ + ITZ, and maintained in parallel to control group infected and not treated (INT).

Phenotypic, functional and serological aspects of genotypic-specific immune response of experimental T. cruzi infection.

The complexity and multifactorial characteristics of Chagas disease pathogenesis hampers the establishment of appropriate experimental/epidemiological sets, and therefore, still represents one of the most challenging fields for novel insights and discovery. In this context, we used a set of attributes including phenotypic, functional and serological markers of immune response as candidates to decode the genotype-specific immune response of experimental T. cruzi infection.

Participation of Central Muscarinic Receptors on the Nervous Form of Chagas Disease in Mice Infected via Intracerebroventricular with Colombian Strain.

Acute chagasic encephalitis is a clinically severe central nervous system (CNS) manifestation. However, the knowledge of the nervous form of Chagas disease is incomplete. The role of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) on mice behavior and brain lesions induced by (Colombian strain) was herein investigated in mice treated with the mAChR agonist and antagonist (carbachol and atropine), respectively.

Dogs as a Model for Chemotherapy of Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis.

Background: Dogs are natural reservoir of Chagas disease (CD) and leishmaniasis and have been used for studies of these infections as they develop different clinical forms of these diseases similar to humans.

Objective: This article describes publications on the dog model relative to CD and leishmaniasis chemotherapy.

Methods: The search of articles was based on PubMed, Scopus and MESH using the keywords: dog, Trypanosoma cruzi, treatment (T.

Evaluation of the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity in vitro and in vivo of silibinin and silibinin in association to benznidazole.

Chagas disease (CD) is endemic in Latin America. Drugs available for its treatment are benznidazole (BZ)/nifurtimox (NF), both with low efficacy in the late infection and responsible for several side effects. Studies of new drugs for CD among natural products, and using drug combinations with BZ/NF are recommended.

Impedimetric immunosensor for rapid and simultaneous detection of chagas and visceral leishmaniasis for point of care diagnosis.

In this work, a dual detection system based on an impedimetric immunosensor was developed for the first time for the simultaneous detection of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies in human and dog serum samples. The IBMP 8.1 and rLci1A/rLci2B recombinant antigens were immobilized over the surface of dual screen-printed carbon electrodes (W1 and W2) modified with poly (4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid).

Ectonucleotidases from trypomastigotes from different sources and various genetic backgrounds of Trypanosoma cruzi potentiate their infectivity and host inflammation.

Distinct populations of Trypanosoma cruzi interact with mammalian cardiac muscle cells causing different inflammation patterns and low heart functionality. During T. cruzi infection, the extracellular ATP is hydrolyzed to tri- and/or diphosphate nucleotides, based on the infectivity, virulence, and regulation of the inflammatory response.

Human Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG1 for advanced universal and Trypanosoma cruzi Discrete Typing Units-specific serodiagnosis of Chagas disease.

The molecular and serological methods available for Discrete Typing Units (DTU)-specific diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi in chronic Chagas disease present limitations. The study evaluated the performance of Human Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG1 for universal and DTU-specific diagnosis of Chagas disease. A total of 102 sera from Chagas disease patients (CH) chronically infected with TcI, TcVI or TcII DTUs were tested for IgG1 reactivity to amastigote/(A), trypomastigote/(T) and epimastigote/(E) antigens along the titration curve (1:250-1:32,000).

Quantification of parasite burden of Trypanosoma cruzi and identification of Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) in blood samples of Latin American immigrants residing in Barcelona, Spain.

Background: Trypanosoma cruzi has a high genetic and biological diversity and has been subdivided into seven genetic lineages, named TcI-TcVI and TcBat. DTUs TcI-TcII-TcV and TcVI are agents of ChD in different regions of Latin America. Due to population movements, the disease is an emergent global public health problem.

Lychnopholide in Poly(d,l-Lactide)--Polyethylene Glycol Nanocapsules Cures Infection with a Drug-Resistant Strain at Acute and Chronic Phases.

Chagas disease remains neglected, and current chemotherapeutics present severe limitations. Lychnopholide (LYC) at low doses loaded in polymeric poly(d,l-lactide)--polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) nanocapsules (LYC-PLA-PEG-NC) exhibits anti- efficacy in mice infected with a partially drug-resistant strain. This study reports the efficacy of LYC-PLA-PEG-NC at higher doses in mice infected with a strain resistant to benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NF) treated at both the acute phase (AP) and the chronic phase (CP) of infection by the oral route.

Benznidazole, itraconazole and their combination in the treatment of acute experimental Chagas disease in dogs.

Chagas disease (CD) is a serious public health problem in Latin America and its treatment remains neglected. Benznidazole (BZ) available in Brazil, presents serious side effects and low therapeutic efficacy at chronic phase. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of BZ, itraconazole (ITZ) and BZ + ITZ in dogs infected with VL-10 T.

Activity of the sesquiterpene lactone goyazensolide against and .

Background: The current drugs for Chagas disease treatment present several limitations.

Methods: The sesquiterpene lactone goyazensolide (GZL) was evaluated regarding to cytotoxicity and trypanocidal activity against amastigotes, selectivity index (SI) in vitro, acute toxicity and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity in vivo.

Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells was observed at doses >250 ng mL-1 of GZL and the SI were of 52.

Benznidazole, itraconazole and their combination in the treatment of acute experimental chagas disease in dogs.

Chagas disease (CD) is a serious public health problem in Latin America and its treatment remains neglected. Benznidazole (BZ), the only drug available in Brazil, presents serious side effects and low therapeutic efficacy, especially at the chronic phase. The last clinical trials demonstrated that the first generation of azole compounds were less successful than BZ in CD chemotherapy, which stimulated studies of these compounds associated to BZ and nifurtimox (NF).

Differential expression of proteins in genetically distinct Trypanosoma cruzi samples (TcI and TcII DTUs) isolated from chronic Chagas disease cardiac patients.

Background: Trypanosoma cruzi, a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite and the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD), exhibits great genetic and biological diversity. Infected individuals may present clinical manifestations with different levels of severity. Several hypotheses have been proposed to attempt to correlate the diversity of clinical signs and symptoms to the genetic variability of T.

Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and toxicological activities of nitroaromatic Schiff bases.

Chagas disease is a major health problem not only in Latin America but also in Europe and North America due to the spread of this disease into nonendemic areas. In terms of global burden, this major tropical infection is considered to be one of the most neglected diseases, and there are currently only two available chemotherapies: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Unfortunately, although these chemotherapies are beneficial in the acute phase of the disease, benznidazole and nifurtimox lead to significant side effects, including hepatitis and neurotoxicity.