[Erratum to the article "Allergy to isothiazolinones in recent years" (Med Pr. 2020;71(5):603-11)].

The original version of the article can be found at: https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.

[Allergy to isothiazolinones in recent years].

Background: Isothiazolinones are preservatives which are present in cosmetics, household chemicals and many other industrial products. Initially, a mixture of methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI - Kathon CG) was used, and then, from the beginning of the 21st century, only methylisothiazolinone. Due to a significant increase in the number of contact dermatitis caused by allergy to this compound, it was withdrawn from leave-on cosmetics, and its concentration in rinse-off cosmetics was reduced.

Screening survey of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin symptoms in manicurists in Poland.

Objectives: Manicurists are exposed to various chemicals in nail and skin care products and may develop ocular, nasal, respiratory or skin adverse reactions to them. To investigate the occurrence of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin problems among manicurists and to identify their causal factors, particularly allergic etiology and occupational origin.

Material And Methods: Manicurists employed in beauty salons in the central region of Poland were invited to fill in the questionnaire and undergo medical examination, skin prick tests with common aeroallergens, patch tests with European Baseline Series and (Meth)Acrylates Series-Nails and spirometry.

ESSCA results with the baseline series, 2002-2012: p-phenylenediamine.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by p-phenylenediamine (PPD) is common among all age groups and both sexes. Monitoring of prevalence and intensity of sensitization is important.

Objective: To evaluate contact allergy to PPD in Europe, and to compare reaction intensities in different European regions.

ESSCA results with the baseline series, 2009-2012: rubber allergens.

Background: Allergic contact dermatitis caused by rubber allergens is common, and causes significant patient morbidity. Contemporary data are important to allow appropriate preventive measures and identification of contact allergy trends.

Objectives: To describe the pattern of patch test reactivity to rubber allergens, including those in the European baseline series.

[Preservatives as important etiologic factors of allergic contact dermatitis].

Background: Preservatives present in cosmetics and other industrial products can cause allergic contact dermatitis. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of allergy to selected preservatives in consecutive patients examined due to contact dermatitis in the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, and to establish whether individuals sensitized to formaldehyde react simultaneously to formaldehyde releasers.

Material And Methods: A group of 405 patients (308 females and 97 males) was examined in 2011-2013.

[Isothiazolinones as causal factors of contact allergy epidemics in the 20th and 21st centuries].

Chloromethylisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) have been widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, household products and industrial products since the late 1970s. First cases of contact allergy to the MCI/MI combination were noted in 1980-1982 in Sweden. Then, a significant increase in the frequency of sensitization to these compounds was observed in many European centers.

Patch test results of the European baseline series among patients with occupational contact dermatitis across Europe - analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy network, 2002-2010.

Background: Occupational contact dermatitis is one of the most common occupational diseases in Europe. In order to develop effective preventive measures, detailed and up-to-date data on the incidence, main causes and professions at risk of occupational contact dermatitis are needed.

Objectives: To describe the pattern of patch test reactivity to allergens in the European baseline series of patients with occupational contact dermatitis in different occupations.

Occupational allergic and irritant contact dermatitis in workers exposed to polyurethane foam.

Objectives: To evaluate sensitization to chemicals present in work environment after an outbreak of contact dermatitis in workers of vehicle equipment factory, exposed to polyurethane foam, based on 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

Material And Methods: From among 300 employees, 21 individuals reporting work-related skin and/or respiratory tract symptoms underwent clinical examination, patch testing, skin prick tests, spirometry and MDI sIgE measurement in serum. Patch tests included isocyanates series, selected rubber additives, metals, fragrances, preservatives, and an antiadhesive agent.

[Manicurists and pedicurists - occupation group at high risk of work-related dermatoses].

In recent years occupational skin and respiratory diseases have been more and more frequently diagnosed in small production and service enterprises. The awareness of occupational exposure and its possible health effects among their workers and employers is not sufficient. Beauty salons, in addition to hairdressers and beauticians, frequently employ manicurists and pedicurists.

Allergy to orthopedic metal implants - a prospective study.

Objectives: Evaluation of the allergenic properties of the metal knee or hip joint implants 24 months post surgery and assessment of the relation between allergy to metals and metal implants failure.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in two stages. Stage I (pre-implantation) - 60 patients scheduled for arthroplasty surgery.

Tissue reaction to the nickel implants in the guinea pigs.

Objectives: The aim of the study was the assessment of local tolerance to nickel implants during 9 months observation in guinea pigs sensitized to nickel before implantation and non-sensitized ones.

Materials And Methods: Three groups of guinea pigs were included in the study: 10 sensitized to nickel by the guinea pig maximization test; 10 previously non-sensitized and 10 in control group. In 20 animals (except control group) the nickel implants were inserted in the muscle of the back.

Contact allergy to metals in adolescents: nickel release from metal accessories 7 years after the implementation of the EU Nickel Directive in Poland.

Background: Contact allergy among adolescents is an important issue.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence of contact allergy to metals in adolescents aged 15 years and nickel release from metal accessories that are in direct contact with the skin.

Methods: Three hundred and nine females and 219 males, all 15 years old, from randomly selected secondary schools were examined and patch tested with nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride, palladium chloride, and potassium dichromate.

Systemic contact dermatitis to nickel present in cocoa in 14-year-old boy.

Systemic contact dermatitis can be elicited in nickel sensitive individuals by oral nickel exposure from food with high content of this metal, such as cocoa. We present a case report of a nonatopic teenager who developed allergic contact dermatitis due to nickel, cobalt, copper, and palladium, but exacerbations of skin lesions were mainly related to cocoa consumption.

Dermatological screening and results of patch testing among Polish apprentice hairdressers.

Background: High prevalence of occupational dermatoses among hairdressers has been confirmed in many studies, while work-related skin disorders in apprentice hairdressers are less known.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of work-related skin disorders among apprentice hairdressers, and to identify the factors contributing to the development of dermatoses during vocational training.

Patients And Methods: One hundred thirty-nine apprentice hairdressers, aged 17-19 years, were included in the study.

[Irritant contact dermatitis. Part III. Non-invasive methods to assess biophysical properties of the skin].

Disturbances in biophysical properties of the skin during irritant reactions induced by exposure to chemicals may be assessed by several non-invasive methods. The most popular one involves determinations of transepidermal water loss, stratum corneum hydration, skin pH and evaluation of erythema, pigmentation and skin blood flow. Non-invasive techniques are also applied to assess individual skin susceptibility to irritants.

[Wet work].

Wet work is one of the most important risk factors of occupational skin diseases. Exposure of hands to the wet environment for more than 2 hours daily, wearing moisture-proof protective gloves for a corresponding period of time or necessity to wash hands frequently lead to the disruption of epidermal stratum corneum, damage to skin barrier function and induction of irritant contact dermatitis. It may also promote penetration of allergens into the skin and increase the risk of sensitization to occupational allergens.

[Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers].

Numerous data from the medical literature show that working as a hairdresser is associated with the highest risk of occupational contact dermatitis. In Europe, hairdressers rank first of all occupation groups with the highest prevalence of occupational dermatitis. It is estimated that 10-20% and even 50% of hairdressers are affected with skin disorders.

[The role of regulatory T cells in allergic contact dermatitis].

Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a crucial role in the regulatory mechanisms of immune system. They are responsible for the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and allergic diseases and implicated in transplant rejection and immunopathology of cancers.

[Irritant contact dermatitis. Part II. Evaluation evaluation of skin irritation potential of chemicals].

The evaluation of skin irritation potential of chemicals is essential to secure the safety of individuals exposed to several substances designed for industrial, pharmaceutical or cosmetic use. Until recently, preclinical safety assessment of chemicals was largely based on animal experiments. Ethical concerns and the limited value of animal models in evaluating human skin irritation potential resulted in the development of alternative in vitro methods, such as EpiDerm, EPISKIN or SkinEthic, to assess irritation, i.

The European baseline series in 10 European Countries, 2005/2006--results of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies (ESSCA).

Background: Continual surveillance based on patch test results has proved useful for the identification of contact allergy.

Objectives: To provide a current view on the spectrum of contact allergy to important sensitizers across Europe.

Patients/methods: Clinical and patch test data of 19 793 patients patch tested in 2005/2006 in the 31 participating departments from 10 European countries (the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergies' (ESSCA) www.