Axillary management in patients with breast cancer and positive axilla at diagnosis. Experience in a Spanish university hospital with a 5-year follow-up.

Background: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) was the standard in breast cancer with axillary involvement until recently. Along with the number of metastatic nodes, axillary positivity was considered a main prognostic factor and scientific evidence shows that the administration of radiotherapy on ganglion areas decreases the risk of recurrence even in positive axilla. The objective of this study was to evaluate the axillary treatment in patients with positive axilla at diagnosis, the evolution of them over time, and to assess patient's follow-up with the aim of avoiding the morbidity associated with axillary dissection.

Management of esophageal injuries secondary to trauma.

Traumatic esophageal injuries occur less than 10% of the time in the setting of blunt or penetrating trauma. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an update on the most recent changes involving the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal injuries. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, to identify articles written in English language with the terms "non- iatrogenic", "esophageal", "trauma", "diagnosis", "management", and "prognosis".

[Perineal reconstruction: Salvage surgery with 2flaps technique].

Background: The principles of perineal reconstructive surgery comprise adequate filling of the defect along with stable and durable skin coverage, with a low morbidity rate. Two-flap perineal reconstruction is a simple, fast and reliable technique that uses a single donor site. This improves scar position with low morbidity.