Influence of Ear Protectors on the Sleep of Preterm Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of ear protectors on the sleep of preterm newborns during the "quiet" times in intermediate care nursery. This was a clinical, randomized, controlled crossover study conducted in two neonatal units in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample consisted of preterm infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study.

Correlation of Premature Infant Sleep/Wakefulness and Noise Levels in the Presence or Absence of "Quiet Time".

Background: Peak sound levels during sleep can compromise the development of hospitalized infants. Quiet time is a strategy implemented in neonatal units to promote the sleeping of neonates by reducing noise levels, luminosity, and handling during particular periods of the day.

Purpose: To determine the impact of quiet time on reducing sound levels and increasing total sleep time.

Frequency of Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses and Accuracy of Clinical Indicators in Preterm Infants.

Purpose: To identify the frequency of the nursing diagnoses, ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange and impaired spontaneous ventilation in newborns; and, to analyze the accuracy of diagnostic indicators identified for each of these diagnoses.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a nonprobability sample of 92 infants. Data collected were represented by demographic and clinical variables, clinical indicators of the three respiratory nursing diagnoses from NANDA International, and were analyzed according to frequency and agreement between pairs of expert nurses (Kappa).

Effects of Handling and Environment on Preterm Newborns Sleeping in Incubators.

Objective: To describe the total sleep time, stages of sleep, and wakefulness of preterm newborns and correlate them to levels of sound pressure, light, temperature, relative air humidity, and handling inside incubators.

Design: Observational, correlational study.

Setting: A neonatal intermediate care unit.

Respiratory Nursing Diagnoses: Presenting Evidence for Identification of the Defining Characteristics in Neonatal and Pediatric Populations.

Purpose: To identify and summarize clinical data supporting selection of nursing diagnoses related to the respiratory system for pediatric and neonatal populations.

Method: A literature review conducted in indexed publications was used.

Findings: The final sample consisted of 13 studies conducted in children with cardiac disease, respiratory infection, and asthma with nursing diagnoses such as ineffective breathing pattern, impaired gas exchange, and ineffective airway clearance.

Effect of sleeping position on arousals from sleep in preterm infants.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of preterm infant positions during sleep, and to investigate the association among positions, arousals, sleep patterns, and time of day.

Design And Methods: This observational study was conducted in a neonatal unit with 10 preterm infants. Polysomnographic and video recordings during 24 hr identified sleep positions, arousals, sleep patterns, and time of day.

Polysomnography assessment of sleep and wakefulness in premature newborns.

Objective: to describe the total sleep time and its stages, total wake time, heart rate values and oxygen saturation shown by premature infants, and the influence of the periods of the day on sleep and physiological parameters.

Method: a descriptive study was conducted of 13 hospitalized premature infants. Data collection was performed using polysomnography and unstructured observation for 24 uninterrupted hours.

[Perceptions of newborns' families about the communication of bad news].

The present study aims to describe how families perceive the communication of bad news about hospitalized newborns given by professionals. A qualitative and descriptive study was carried out with families of hospitalized newborns in the neonatal unit. Five mothers and one father were interviewed The thematic analysis of data revealed four categories: Message content in relation to clarity, detailing and not disclosed information.

[Evaluation of oxygenation, ventilation and respiratory mechanics before and after endotracheal suction in mechanically ventilated children].

Objectives: The aim of this study was to know the effects of endotracheal suction in respiratory mechanics and oxigenation of patients with mechanical ventilation.

Methods: 13 children were studied in the pediatric intensive care unit of Hospital São Paulo, age between 47 days and 5 years old, male and female, surgical and clinic pathology, intubated by cuffed endotracheal tube, sedated and paralyzed few minutes before measurements, under previous established suction routine without preventive maneuvers, followed by a continuous monitoring of oxygenation, ventilation and respiratory mechanics under identical ventilatory sets. The parameters analyzed was Heart rate; SpO2; ph arterial; PaO2; PaCO2; SaO2; inspiratory and expiratory tidal volume; minute volume; dynamic compliance, respiratory resistance; mean airway pressure; PEEP and PEEPi.