Combination of the Topical Photodynamic Therapy of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine Liposomes with Fexinidazole Oral Self-Emulsifying System as a New Strategy for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Treatment.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease. The treatment is restricted to drugs, such as meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B, that exhibit toxic effects, high cost, long-term treatment, and limited efficacy. The development of new alternative therapies, including the identification of effective drugs for the topical and oral treatment of CL, is of great interest.

A new oral self-emulsifying drug delivery system improves the antileishmania efficacy of fexinidazole in vivo.

The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate the in vivo oral efficacy of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing fexinidazole (FEX) in the experimental treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The developed FEX-SEDDS formulation presented as a clear, yellowish liquid, with absence of precipitate. The droplet size, polydispersion index and zeta potential after dilution in water (1:200) was of 91 ± 3 nm, 0.

Topical photodynamic therapy with chloroaluminum phthalocyanine liposomes is as effective as systemic pentavalent antimony in the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Background: In the Americas, one of the main causative species of cutaneous leishmaniasis is Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The systemic antimonials remain the most largely used option for disease control. However, this drug has significant toxicity.

Plasma antimony determination during cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment with intralesional infiltration of meglumine antimoniate.

Objectives: To evaluate the antimony (Sb) in plasma of patients who underwent a standardised meglumine antimoniate (MA) intralesional infiltration protocol for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.

Methods: The level of Sb in plasma was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, before and 1, 2, 4 and 6 hours after the first intralesional infiltration of MA to determine the parameters peak concentrations (C ) area under curve of drug concentration in plasma from zero to 6 h (AUC ) and elimination half-life (t½) of Sb. Blood samples were also collected weekly during the treatment period, always before infiltration.

Combined suboptimal schedules of topical paromomycin, meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine to treat experimental infection caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of binary combinations of suboptimal schedules of drugs with different administration routes (topical paromomycin, intramuscular meglumine antimoniate and oral miltefosine) to treat animals infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.

Methods: Hamsters were inoculated with L. (V.

Drug delivery systems for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Introduction: The parenteral administration of pentavalent antimonials for the treatment of all forms of leishmaniasis, including cutaneous leishamniasis (CL), has several limitations. Therapy is long, requiring repeated doses and the adverse reactions are frequent. Topical treatment is an attractive alternative for CL, offering significant advantages over systemic therapy: fewer adverse effects, ease of administration, and lower costs.

Reductions in skin and systemic parasite burdens as a combined effect of topical paromomycin and oral miltefosine treatment of mice experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.

This study aimed to investigate the activity of a combination of topical paromomycin gel and oral miltefosine for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The efficacy of the combination, evaluated by measuring lesion size and parasite burden in the skin and spleen, was assessed in BALB/c mice infected by L. (L.

Combined topical paromomycin and oral miltefosine treatment of mice experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) major leads to reduction in both lesion size and systemic parasite burdens.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the activity of the combination of topical paromomycin gel and oral miltefosine for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) major.

Methods: The efficacy of the combination, evaluated by measuring lesion size and parasite burden in the skin and spleen, was assessed in BALB/c mice infected by L. (L.