A Trianalyte µPAD for Simultaneous Determination of Iron, Zinc, and Manganese Ions.

In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) for simultaneous detection of Fe, Zn, and Mn ions using immobilized chromogenic reagents Ferene S, xylenol orange, and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, respectively, is presented. As the effective recognition of analytes via respective chromogens takes place under extremely different pH conditions, experiments reported in this publication are focused on optimization of the µPAD architecture allowing for the elimination of potential cross effects. The paper-based microfluidic device was fabricated using low-cost and well-reproducible wax-printing technology.

Mathematical processing of RGB data in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices.

Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices often are combined with scanners as detectors. In this work, different scanning options offered by scanners: resolution, scanning mode, exposure to radiation, colour restoration, and saving format were tested. Moreover, different attempts to mathematical data treatment based on intensities of three channels-Red, Green and Blue, were studied.

Turbidimetric flow analysis system for the investigation of microbial growth.

The monitoring of life of microbial populations is of the uttermost importance in environmental and food analysis, agriculture, as well as in medicine. The duration of bacteria adaptation to new environmental conditions, its lifetime and the divisions' pace are the key information in many studies. It was found that the fully-mechanized flow analysis system based on solenoid valves and pumps, paired with a dedicated flow-through optoelectronic detector can be successfully applied for monitoring of bacteria growth.

LED&Paper-based analytical device for phosphatemia/calcemia diagnostics☆.

In this communication a prototype of paper-based analytical device designed for simultaneous determination of orthophosphate and calcium ions, which levels are significant for hyperphosphatemia diagnostics, is presented. The laboratory-on-paper structure for two analytes detection was wax-printed on the surface of filter paper. These two-analyte disposable paper strips are combined with two paired LED-based fluorescence detectors and simple voltmeter used as recorder of analytical signal, what makes the developed device miniature, extremely low-cost, portable and user-friendly.

Photometric and fluorometric alkaline phosphatase assays using the simplest enzyme substrates.

In this contribution a highly cost-effective flow analysis system for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is presented. This fully-mechanized bioanalytical system is based on economic solenoid micropumps and microvalves (powered and actuated by Arduino microcontroller) and extremely cheap dedicated optoelectronic flow-through detectors allowing absorbance and fluorescence measurements. The detection schemes for ALP assaying realized in this system are based on orthophosphate determination.

Compact detectors made of paired LEDs for photometric and fluorometric measurements on paper.

The utility of strikingly simple and cheap optoelectronic detectors operating according to a Paired-Emitter-Detector-Diode (PEDD) principle for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD) has been experimentally confirmed. The prototypes of these compact detectors have been made of only two customary light emitting diodes without any additional optical parts like lens, filters, fibers etc. Moreover, for their operation economic and portable equipment is required (low-power circuit and ordinary voltmeter).

Biomedical monitoring of phosphate removal by hemodialysis.

A compact flow analysis system for non-invasive, dialysate-side monitoring of phosphate removal in the course of clinical hemodialysis treatment is presented. The monitor is based on solenoid operated micro-pumps and extremely cheap optoelectronic flow-through detector allowing photometric determination of phosphate in spent dialysate using a molybdenum blue method. The monitor can operate in both, discrete and continuous modes of measurement.

Multicommutated flow analysis system based on fluorescence microdetectors for simultaneous determination of phosphate and calcium ions in human serum.

A bianalyte multicommutated flow analysis (MCFA) system allowing simultaneous determination of calcium and phosphate ions is developed. The detection of ions is based on measurements of fluorescence of calcein and rhodamine B, respectively. For such measurements performed under flow analysis conditions two dedicated detectors made of three integrated light emitting diodes each and operating according to fluorometric paired emitter detector diode (FPEDD) principle, have been used.