Adaptive Functioning and Sleep Quality: Associations in Young Children with Congenital Heart Disease.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of today's leading birth anomalies. Children with CHD are at risk for adaptive functioning challenges. Sleep difficulties are also common in children with CHD.

"That's too stereotypical … I don't want that to be how I identify": Identity and body-related sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in Canada.

There is minimal research on the sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in Canada. When studying racialized groups, an inclusive and meaningful approach to research is necessary because ethnicity and race are integral to understanding identity, diversity, discrimination, and overall experiences in sport. The purpose of this qualitative description study was to explore the identities and body-related sport experiences of racialized young women athletes in a variety of sports in Canada.

Parents, Teachers, and Community: A Team Approach to Developing Physical Competence in Children.

Increasing children's physical activity engagement has short- and long-term health benefits. Developing physical competence is a key component of children's engagement in physical activity. The purpose of our study was to assess if a 12-week home, school, and community-based physical literacy intervention improved the physical competence of children in kindergarten and grade one.

A Nature's Way-Our Way Pilot Project Case Assemblage: (Re)Storying Child/Physical Literacy/Land Relationships for Indigenous Preschool-Aged Children's Wholistic Wellness.

Physical literacy (PL) is gaining more attention from educational policy-makers, practitioners, and researchers as a way to improve health and wellness outcomes for children and youth. While the development of PL is important for early years children, there is limited attention in the literature that explores the political, cultural, and social discourses imbued in colonialism that implicate how PL is actualized in Indigenous early childhood education (ECE) contexts. This case assemblage explores how the culturally rooted, interdisciplinary, and community-based PL initiative, Nature's Way-Our Way (NWOW), negotiated movement with three early childhood educators in the pilot project with an early childhood education centre (ECEC) in Saskatchewan, Canada.

Effects of 12-Week Home-based Resistance Training on Peripheral Muscle Oxygenation in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A CHAMPS Study.

Background: A hallmark feature of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) is exercise intolerance. Whether a home-based resistance training intervention improves muscle oxygenation (as measured by tissue oxygenation index, TOI) and exercise tolerance (O reserve) during aerobic exercise in children with CHD compared with healthy children is unknown.

Methods: We report findings for 10 children with CHD (female/male: 4/6; mean ± standard deviation age: 13 ± 1 years) and 9 healthy controls (female/male: 5/4; age: 12 ± 3 years).

When the world stops: The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity and physical literacy.

Matched pre-during pandemic comparison (160 children) revealed a substantial reduction in physical activity ( < 0.001, r = 0.83), environmental participation ( = 0.

Health anxiety and associated constructs in school-age children and adolescents with congenital heart disease and their parents: A children's healthy-heart activity monitoring program in Saskatchewan cohort study.

Youth with congenital heart disease (CHD) have been found to experience higher levels of health anxiety and associated constructs than typically developing peers. The association between youth and parent health anxiety has been explored in typically developing youth but this association remains unknown in youth with CHD. This association was explored using a prospective, cross-sectional study that included 36 school-age children and adolescents with CHD (median age =10.

Tibial cortical and trabecular variables together can pinpoint the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal females.

Objectives: Though relationships between limb bone structure and mechanical loading have provided fantastic opportunities for understanding the lives of prehistoric adults, the lives of children remain poorly understood. Our aim was to determine whether or not adult tibial skeletal variables retain information about childhood/adolescent loading, through assessing relationships between cortical and trabecular bone variables and the timing of impact loading relative to menarche in premenopausal adult females.

Methods: Peripheral quantitative computed tomography was used to quantify geometric and densitometric variables from the proximal tibial diaphysis (66% location) and distal epiphysis (4% location) among 81 nulliparous young adult female controls and athletes aged 19-33 years grouped according to intensity of impact loading both pre- and post-menarche: (1) Low:Low (Controls); (2) High:Low; (3) High:High; (4) Moderate:Moderate; (5) Low:Moderate.

A cardiovascular disease risk factor in children with congenital heart disease: unmasking elevated waist circumference - a CHAMPS* study *CHAMPS: Children's Healthy-Heart Activity Monitoring Program in Saskatchewan.

Background: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) have an elevated risk of future cardiovascular disease but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Abdominal obesity (measured as waist circumference) is a risk factor for adult onset of cardiovascular diseases and is correlated with low physical activity levels, commonly found in children with congenital heart disease. Elevated waist circumference may be a mechanism by which cardiovascular disease risk is elevated in children with CHD.

Relationship Between Trajectories of Trunk Fat Development in Emerging Adulthood and Cardiometabolic Risk at 36 Years of Age.

Objective: This study examined trajectories of trunk fat mass (FM) accrual during emerging adulthood of individuals categorized, at 36 years of age, as having higher compared with lower scores of (1) metabolic risk and (2) blood pressure risk.

Methods: Fifty-five individuals from the Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (1991-2017) were assessed from adolescence (mean [SD], 11.5 [1.

Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Therapy on Distal Tibial Myotendinous Density and Volume: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Postmenopausal Women.

Whole-body vibration (WBV) therapy has been proposed as a therapy to reduce sarcopenia and improve muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to explore whether 12 months of WBV therapy increases myotendinous density and volume of the distal tibia as measured by HR-pQCT in postmenopausal women in a parallel group, randomized controlled trial with 1:1:1 allocation to three arms. Postmenopausal women ( = 202) with low hip BMD were randomized to 20 min daily of 0.

A Valid and Precise Semiautomated Method for Quantifying Intermuscular Fat Intramuscular Fat in Lower Leg Magnetic Resonance Images.

The accumulation of INTERmuscular fat and INTRAmuscular fat (IMF) has been a hallmark of individuals with diabetes, those with mobility impairments such as spinal cord injuries and is known to increase with aging. An elevated amount of IMF has been associated with fractures and frailty, but the imprecision of IMF measurement has so far limited the ability to observe more consistent clinical associations. Magnetic resonance imaging has been recognized as the gold standard for portraying these features, yet reliable methods for quantifying IMF on magnetic resonance imaging is far from standardized.

Physical activity modulates arterial stiffness in children with congenital heart disease: A CHAMPS cohort study.

Unlabelled: Children with congenital heart disease are at risk for developing increased arterial stiffness and this may be modulated by physical activity.

Objective: To compare arterial stiffness in high- and low-physically active children with congenital heart disease and healthy age- and sex-matched controls.

Patients: Seventeen children with congenital heart disease (12 ± 2 years; females = 9), grouped by low- and high-physical activity levels from accelerometry step count values, and 20 matched controls (11 ± 3 years; females = 9) were studied.

Health anxiety and associated constructs in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease: A CHAMPS cohort study.

This study explored health anxiety and associated constructs in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease and typically developing children and adolescents. A total of 84 participants (7-16 years) completed measures of health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity, and DSM-IV anxiety disorder symptom categories. Results demonstrated that children and adolescents with congenital heart disease experienced significantly higher levels of health anxiety and associated constructs compared to typically developing children and adolescents.

Influence of Childhood and Adolescent Fat Development on Fat Mass Accrual During Emerging Adulthood: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Fat mass and the prevalence of overweight/obesity (OWO) increase during emerging adulthood (EA; 18-25 years). The factors that contribute to the transition from having healthy weight to having OWO during EA are understudied. This study aimed to identify the independent effect of concurrent physical activity (PA) and energy intake (EI) and childhood/adolescent fat accrual, PA, and EI on EA fat accrual.

Longitudinal patterns in BMI and percent total body fat from peak height velocity through emerging adulthood into young adulthood.

Objectives: Emerging adulthood, a potential critical period, is an understudied period of fat mass accrual. The aim of this study was to describe patterns of fat mass accrual, and weight status, from adolescence, through emerging adulthood, into young adulthood.

Methods: One-hundred-eighteen participants (59 male) were measured repeatedly for 20 years.

Structural Strength Benefits Observed at the Hip of Premenarcheal Gymnasts Are Maintained Into Young Adulthood 10 Years After Retirement From the Sport.

Purpose: Premenarcheal female gymnasts have been consistently found to have greater bone mass and structural advantages. However, little is known about whether these structural advantages are maintained after the loading stimulus is removed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the structural properties at the hip after long-term retirement from gymnastics.

Structural strength development at the proximal femur in 4- to 10-year-old precompetitive gymnasts: a 4-year longitudinal hip structural analysis study.

Gymnastics, a high-impact weight-bearing physical activity, has been shown to be highly osteogenic. Previously in this cohort, bone mass development (bone mineral content accrual [BMC]) was shown to be positively associated with low-level (recreational) gymnastics exposure (1 to 2 hours per week); however, BMC is only one single component of bone strength. Bone strength is influenced not only by bone mineralization but also bone geometry, bone architecture, and the imposing loads on the bone.

High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography for the assessment of bone strength and structure: a review by the Canadian Bone Strength Working Group.

Bone structure is an integral determinant of bone strength. The availability of high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) has made it possible to measure three-dimensional bone microarchitecture and volumetric bone mineral density in vivo, with accuracy previously unachievable and with relatively low-dose radiation. Recent studies using this novel imaging tool have increased our understanding of age-related changes and sex differences in bone microarchitecture, as well as the effect of different pharmacological therapies.

Influence of nutrition provision during the first two weeks of life in premature infants on adolescent body composition and blood pressure.

Objective: Adequate nutrition is paramount for premature infants. Longitudinal information is scant on the effects of early nutrition and later growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of early energy and protein provision in premature infants on adolescent body composition and blood pressure.

Former premenarcheal gymnasts exhibit site-specific skeletal benefits in adulthood after long-term retirement.

Young female gymnasts have greater bone strength compared to controls; although possibly due to selection into gymnastics, it is thought that their loading activity during growth increases their bone mass, influencing both bone geometry and architecture. If such bone mass and geometric adaptations are maintained, this may potentially decrease the risk of osteoporosis and risk of fracture later in life. However, there is limited evidence of the persisting benefit of gymnastic exercise during growth on adult bone geometric parameters.

Bone density and structure in healthy postmenopausal women treated with exemestane for the primary prevention of breast cancer: a nested substudy of the MAP.3 randomised controlled trial.

Background: Exemestane can prevent breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Because of potential widespread use, we examined the safety of exemestane on bone health.

Methods: In this nested safety substudy of the MAP.

Higher premenarcheal bone mass in elite gymnasts is maintained into young adulthood after long-term retirement from sport: a 14-year follow-up.

Sports that impact-load the skeleton during childhood and adolescence increase determinants of bone strength such as bone mineral content and density; however, it is unclear if this benefit is maintained after retirement from the sport. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the previously reported higher bone mass in a group of premenarcheal gymnasts was still apparent 10 years after the cessation of participation and withdrawal of the gymnastics loading stimulus. In 1995, 30 gymnasts 8 to 15 years of age were measured and compared with 30 age-matched nongymnasts.

Effect of maturational timing on bone mineral content accrual from childhood to adulthood: evidence from 15 years of longitudinal data.

A higher bone mass may reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The role of maturational timing for optimizing bone mass is controversial due to the lack of prospective evidence from childhood to adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the long term relationship between the onset of maturation and bone mineral content (BMC) development.

Bone mineral accrual in 4- to 10-year-old precompetitive, recreational gymnasts: a 4-year longitudinal study.

Competitive female gymnasts have greater bone mineral measures than nongymnasts. However, less is known about the effect of recreational and/or precompetitive gymnastics participation on bone development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the differences previously reported in the skeleton of competitive female gymnasts are also demonstrated in young children with a current or past participation history in recreational or precompetitive gymnastics.