Diagnosis of Vascular Anomalies in Patients with Skin of Color.

Vascular anomalies can be broadly classified as vascular tumors or vascular malformations, depending on the degree of endothelial involvement. These lesions can be subtle and challenging to diagnose in individuals with darker skin tones, which can lead to a delay in treatment. Improving diagnostic accuracy of these lesions may prevent progression and potential adverse outcomes when left untreated.

Boundaries of eliminated heterochromatin of Tetrahymena are positioned by the DNA-binding protein Ltl1.

During differentiation of the Tetrahymena thermophila somatic nucleus, its germline-derived DNA undergoes extensive reorganization including the removal of ∼50 Mb from thousands of loci called internal eliminated sequences (IESs). IES-associated chromatin is methylated on lysines 9 and 27 of histone H3, marking newly formed heterochromatin for elimination. To ensure that this reorganized genome maintains essential coding and regulatory sequences, the boundaries of IESs must be accurately defined.