Lipid Fraction from as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Lethal Sepsis in Mice.

Sepsis is a potentially fatal clinical condition that results from an immune imbalance in the host during an infection. It presents systemic alterations due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory mediators that contribute to inflammation, formation of reactive species, and tissue damage. Anti-inflammatory mediators are then extensively activated to regulate this process, leading to immune exhaustion and, consequently, immunosuppression of the host.

Linalool-rich rosewood essential oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) mitigates emotional and neurochemical impairments induced by ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats.

Linalool-rich Rosewood oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is a natural compound widely used in perfumery industry. Evidence suggests that linalool exerts antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Conversely, ethanol binge drinking (i.

Factors associated to mortality in children with critical COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in a resource-poor setting.

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is usually asymptomatic/mild. However, some patients may develop critical forms. We aimed to describe characteristics and evaluate the factors associated to in-hospital mortality of patients with critical COVID-19/MIS-C in the Amazonian region.

Caffeic Acid-Zinc Basic Salt/Chitosan Nanohybrid Possesses Controlled Release Properties and Exhibits In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Caffeic acid (CA) exhibits a myriad of biological activities including cardioprotective action, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. On the other hand, CA presents low water solubility and poor bioavailability, which have limited its use for therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to develop a nanohybrid of zinc basic salts (ZBS) and chitosan (Ch) containing CA (ZBS-CA/Ch) and evaluate its anti-edematogenic and antioxidant activity in dextran and carrageenan-induced paw edema model.

L.f. (Phyllanthaceae) Ethanolic Extract: Low Acute Oral Toxicity and Antinociceptive Activity.

L.f. (Phyllanthaceae), a native Brazilian tree occurring mainly in the Amazon, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of abscesses (bark) and cancer-like symptoms (leaves).

Endotoxin tolerance and low activation of TLR-4/NF-κB axis in monocytes of COVID-19 patients.

Higher endotoxin in the circulation may indicate a compromised state of host immune response against coinfections in severe COVID-19 patients. We evaluated the inflammatory response of monocytes from COVID-19 patients after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Whole blood samples of healthy controls, patients with mild COVID-19, and patients with severe COVID-19 were incubated with LPS for 2 h.

Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities.

In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (CIm) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (CPyrCl) against and . Promastigotes of and were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h - CMImMeS (IC = 11.

Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Its Enantiomers Prevent Methemoglobin Formation and DNA Damage Induced by Dapsone Hydroxylamine: Molecular Mechanism and Antioxidant Action.

Dapsone (DDS) therapy can frequently lead to hematological side effects, such as methemoglobinemia and DNA damage. In this study, we aim to evaluate the protective effect of racemic alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and its enantiomers on methemoglobin induction. The pre- and post-treatment of erythrocytes with ALA, ALA isomers, or MB (methylene blue), and treatment with DDS-NOH (apsone hydroxylamine) was performed to assess the protective and inhibiting effect on methemoglobin (MetHb) formation.

Exposure to tolerable concentrations of aluminum triggers systemic and local oxidative stress and global proteomic modulation in the spinal cord of rats.

The tolerable aluminum (Al) intake levels for humans are constantly under review by regulatory agencies due to novel pre-clinical evidence on the neurotoxicity of prolonged Al exposure; however, little is known about the effects of Al on the spinal cord. This study aimed to investigate potential adverse effects on both spinal cord and systemic biochemical balance after prolonged exposure to a low dose of Al. Twenty adult rats were distributed in the control (distilled water) and exposed group (8.

BmooMPα-I, a Metalloproteinase Isolated from Venom, Reduces Blood Pressure, Reverses Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Electrical Conduction in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension.

BmooMPα-I has kininogenase activity, cleaving kininogen releasing bradykinin and can hydrolyze angiotensin I at post-proline and aspartic acid positions, generating an inactive peptide. We evaluated the antihypertensive activity of BmooMPα-I in a model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C). Wistar rats were divided into groups: Sham, who underwent sham surgery, and 2K1C, who suffered stenosis of the right renal artery.

The Roots of as a Natural Antibacterial Source against Strains.

(Benth.) A.M.

Repeated Cycles of Binge-Like Ethanol Exposure Induces Neurobehavioral Changes During Short- and Long-Term Withdrawal in Adolescent Female Rats.

Alcohol consumption is spread worldwide and can lead to an abuse profile associated with severe health problems. Adolescents are more susceptible to addiction and usually consume ethanol in a binge drinking pattern. This form of consumption can lead to cognitive and emotional disorders, however scarce studies have focused on long-term hazardous effects following withdrawal periods after binge drinking in adolescents.

Alterations in CD39/CD73 axis of T cells associated with COVID-19 severity.

Purinergic signaling modulates immune function and is involved in the immunopathogenesis of several viral infections. This study aimed to investigate alterations in purinergic pathways in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Mild and severe COVID-19 patients had lower extracellular adenosine triphosphate and adenosine levels, and higher cytokines than healthy controls.

Effects of long-term fluoride exposure are associated with oxidative biochemistry impairment and global proteomic modulation, but not genotoxicity, in parotid glands of mice.

Background: Fluoride has become widely used in dentistry because of its effectiveness in caries control. However, evidence indicates that excessive intake interferes with the metabolic processes of different tissues. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to F on the parotid salivary gland of mice, from the analysis of oxidative, proteomic and genotoxic parameters.

Effects of Fluoride on Submandibular Glands of Mice: Changes in Oxidative Biochemistry, Proteomic Profile, and Genotoxicity.

Although fluoride (F) is well-known to prevent dental caries, changes in cell processes in different tissues have been associated with its excessive exposure. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of F exposure on biochemical, proteomic, and genotoxic parameters of submandibular glands. Twenty one old rats ( = 30) were allocated into three groups: 60 days administration of drinking water containing 10 mgF/L, 50 mgF/L, or only deionized water (control).

A preliminary study on the association of tamoxifen, endoxifen, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen with blood lipids in patients with breast cancer.

The long-term treatment with tamoxifen can alter the lipid profile of patients with breast cancer. Only a few studies associated the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen, endoxifen, and 4-hydroxytamoxifen with blood lipids, which is relevant as the distribution of these compounds for the tissues can be changed, negatively affecting the treatment. The variations in lipids also can account for the high interindividual variation in plasma concentrations of these compounds.

Can Nimesulide Nanoparticles Be a Therapeutic Strategy for the Inhibition of the KRAS/PTEN Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Cancer?

Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive, devastating disease due to its invasiveness, rapid progression, and resistance to surgical, pharmacological, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy treatments. The disease develops from PanINs lesions that progress through different stages. KRAS mutations are frequently observed in these lesions, accompanied by inactivation of PTEN, hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, and chronic inflammation with overexpression of COX-2.

Imaging Microstructural Damage and Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats Systemically Exposed to Methylmercury: First Experimental Evidence.

The alveolar bone is an important mineralized structure of the periodontal support apparatus, and information about the methylmercury (MeHg) effects on the structural integrity is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether systemic, chronic, and low-dose exposure to MeHg can change the alveolar bone microstructure of rats. Adult Wistar rats (n = 30) were exposed to 0.

-Lapachone Increases Survival of Septic Mice by Regulating Inflammatory and Oxidative Response.

Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection characterized by an early hyperinflammatory and oxidative response followed by a subsequent immunosuppression phase. Although there have been some advances in the treatment of sepsis, mortality rates remain high, urging for the search of new therapies. -Lapachone (-Lap) is a natural compound obtained from Lorentz ex Griseb.

Long-Term Exposure to Inorganic Mercury Leads to Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood of Adult Rats.

Mercury chloride (HgCl) is a compound found in the environment that presents low risk due to low liposolubility. Considering the importance of blood as access rout to the systemic distribution of this toxicant to the organism as well as functions performed by it, this study aimed to investigate the effects of HgCl on the peripheral blood of rats, evaluating the oxidative biochemistry, blood count, and morphology of cell populations. For this, 20 adult Wistar male rats were divided into control (n = 10) and exposed (n = 10) groups and received distilled water or HgCl at a dose of 0.

Hippocampal Impairment Triggered by Long-Term Lead Exposure from Adolescence to Adulthood in Rats: Insights from Molecular to Functional Levels.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental and occupational neurotoxicant after long-term exposure. This study aimed to investigate the effects of systemic Pb exposure in rats from adolescence to adulthood, evaluating molecular, morphologic and functional aspects of hippocampus. For this, male Wistar rats were exposed to 50 mg/kg of Pb acetate or distilled water for 55 days by intragastric gavage.

Preclinical evidences of aluminum-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex of rats exposed to low doses.

Aluminum (Al) is a neurotoxicant agent implicated in several behavioral, neuropathological and neurochemical changes associated with cognitive impairments. Nevertheless, mechanisms of damage and safety concentrations are still very discussed. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to investigate whether two aluminum low doses were able to produce deleterious effects on cognition of adult rats, including oxidative stress in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, two important areas for cognition.

Ameliorates Neurobehavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress Induced by Ethanol Binge Drinking.

, mushroom used for centuries by Asian peoples as food supplement, has been shown interesting biological activities, including over the Central Nervous System. Besides, these mushroom bioactive compounds present antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. On the side, binge drinking paradigm consists of ethanol exposure that reflects the usual consumption of adolescents, which elicits deleterious effects, determined by high ethanol consumption, in a short period.

Mushroom Protects Against Sepsis by Alleviating Oxidative and Inflammatory Response.

Sepsis is characterized by the host's dysregulated immune response to an infection followed by a potentially fatal organ dysfunction. Although there have been some advances in the treatment of sepsis, mainly focused on broad-spectrum antibiotics, mortality rates remain high, urging for the search of new therapies. Oxidative stress is one of the main features of septic patients, so antioxidants can be a good alternative treatment.