Can Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Indicate Biocompatible Material?

Carbon nanofibers are a new type of carbon materials. One of the methods of obtaining them is the carbonization of a polymer precursor. They are attractive in many areas, including medicine, due to the possibility of modifying their properties in a wide range.

Influence of the type of substrate on the properties of carbon nanotubes layer studied by Raman spectroscopy.

The development of nanomaterials technology allows to design a novel medical strategies, and could also be useful in the field of regenerative medicine. The paper presents a study on the functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-f) layers deposited by electrophoretic method (EPD) on the surfaces of two types of substrates: titanium (Ti) and stainless steel. SEM and EDS analyses confirm that incubation in a simulated body fluid (SBF) caused a formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the Ti/MWCNTs-f.

A study of the interactions between human osteoblast-like cells and polymer composites with functionalized graphene derivatives using 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS).

In response to the growing need for development of modern biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine strategies, the research presented here investigated the biological potential of two types of polymer nanocomposites. Graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were incorporated into a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix, creating PCL/GO and PCL/rGO nanocomposites in the form of membranes. Proliferation of osteoblast-like cells (human U-2 OS cell line) on the surface of the studied materials confirmed their biological activity.

Corrosion Resistance and Electrical Conductivity of Hybrid Coatings Obtained from Polysiloxane and Carbon Nanotubes by Electrophoretic Co-Deposition.

Nanocomposites developed based on siloxanes modified with carbon nanoforms are materials with great application potential in the electronics industry, medicine and environmental protection. This follows from the fact that such nanocomposites can be endowed with biocompatibility characteristics, electric conductivity and a high mechanical durability. Moreover, their surface, depending on the type and the amount of carbon nanoparticles, may exhibit antifouling properties, as well as those that limit bacterial adhesion.

Early Recognition of the PCL/Fibrous Carbon Nanocomposites Interaction with Osteoblast-like Cells by Raman Spectroscopy.

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a biocompatible resorbable material, but its use is limited due to the fact that it is characterized by the lack of cell adhesion to its surface. Various chemical and physical methods are described in the literature, as well as modifications with various nanoparticles aimed at giving it such surface properties that would positively affect cell adhesion. Nanomaterials, in the form of membranes, were obtained by the introduction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and functionalized nanotubes, MWCNTs-f) as well as electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs, and functionalized nanofibers, ESCNFs-f) into a PCL matrix.

Carbon nanotube/iron oxide hybrid particles and their PCL-based 3D composites for potential bone regeneration.

This study describes the preparation, and evaluates the biocompatibility, of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) functionalized with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) creating hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were used for preparing a composite porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for potential utilization in regenerative medicine. Hybrid fCNT/ION nanoparticles were prepared in two mass ratios - 1:1 (H1) and 1:4 (H4).

Reconstruction of Ovine Trachea with a Biomimetic Composite Biomaterial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel composite material for tracheal reconstruction in an ovine model. A polymer containing various forms of carbon fibers (roving, woven, and nonwoven fabric) impregnated with polysulfone (PSU) was used to create cylindrical tracheal implants, 3 cm in length and 2.5 cm in diameter.

Raman studies of the interactions of fibrous carbon nanomaterials with albumin.

Adsorption or immobilization of proteins on synthetic surfaces is a key issue in the context of the biocompatibility of implant materials, especially those intended for the needs of cardiac surgery but also for the construction of biosensors or nanomaterials used as drug carriers. The subject of research was the analysis of Raman spectra of two types of fibrous carbon nanomaterials, of great potential for biomedical applications, incubated with human serum albumin (HSA). The first nanomaterial has been created on the layer of MWCNTs deposited by electrophoretic method (EPD) and then covered by thin film of pyrolytic carbon introduced by chemical vapor deposition process (CVD).

The use of calcium ions instead of heat treatment for β-1,3-glucan gelation improves biocompatibility of the β-1,3-glucan/HA bone scaffold.

The aim of this study was to determine which procedure for β-1,3-glucan gelation - newly developed dialysis against calcium salt or described in the literature thermal technique - is more appropriate for fabrication of a biomaterial designed for bone tissue engineering applications. Thus, β-1,3-glucan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds were prepared based on two different methods and their physicochemical, microstructural, and biological properties were compared. Obtained results demonstrated that unlike thermal method-prepared β-1,3-glucan/hydroxyapatite material (glu/HAT), bone scaffold fabricated via dialysis method (glu/HA D) possessed rough surface resulting from the presence of CaCl precipitates as proven by SEM and EDS analysis.

Hybrid chitosan/β-1,3-glucan matrix of bone scaffold enhances osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation via promotion of serum protein adsorption.

Initial protein adsorption to the material surface is crucial for osteoblast adhesion, survival, and rapid proliferation resulting in intensive new bone formation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that modification of a chitosan matrix of chitosan/hydroxyapatite (chit/HA) biomaterial for bone tissue engineering applications with linear β-1,3-glucan (curdlan) leads to promotion of serum protein adsorption to the resultant scaffold (chit/glu/HA) and thus in enhancement of osteoblast adhesion, spreading and proliferation. Fabricated biomaterials were pre-adsorbed with different protein solutions and then protein adsorption and osteoblast behavior on the scaffolds were compared.

Haemocompatibility and cytotoxic studies of non-metallic composite materials modified with magnetic nano and microparticles.

Purpose: Preventing the formation of blood clots on the surface of biomaterials and investigation of the reasons of their formation are the leading topics of the research and development of biomaterials for implants placed into the bloodstream. Biocompatibility and stability of a material in body fluids and direct effect on blood cell counts components are related both to the structure and physico-chemical state of an implant surface. The aim of this study was to determine haemocompatibility and cytotoxicity of polysulfone-based samples containing nano and micro particles of magnetite (Fe3O4).

On the influence of various physicochemical properties of the CNTs based implantable devices on the fibroblasts' reaction in vitro.

Coating the material with a layer of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been a subject of particular interest for the development of new biomaterials. Such coatings, made of properly selected CNTs, may constitute an implantable electronic device that facilitates tissue regeneration both by specific surface properties and an ability to electrically stimulate the cells. The goal of the presented study was to produce, evaluate physicochemical properties and test the applicability of highly conductible material designed as an implantable electronic device.

Titanium coated with functionalized carbon nanotubes--a promising novel material for biomedical application as an implantable orthopaedic electronic device.

The aim of the study was to fabricate titanium (Ti) material coated with functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) that would have potential medical application in orthopaedics as an implantable electronic device. The novel biomedical material (Ti-CNTs-H2O) would possess specific set of properties, such as: electrical conductivity, non-toxicity, and ability to inhibit connective tissue cell growth and proliferation protecting the Ti-CNTs-H2O surface against covering by cells. The novel material was obtained via an electrophoretic deposition of CNTs-H2O on the Ti surface.

Fibrous polymeric composites based on alginate fibres and fibres made of poly-ε-caprolactone and dibutyryl chitin for use in regenerative medicine.

This work concerns the production of fibrous composite materials based on biodegradable polymers such as alginate, dibutyryl chitin (DBC) and poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). For the production of fibres from these polymers, various spinning methods were used in order to obtain composite materials of different composition and structure. In the case of alginate fibres containing the nanoadditive tricalcium phosphate (TCP), the traditional method of forming fibres wet from solution was used.

In vitro and in vivo studies on biocompatibility of carbon fibres.

In the present study we focused on the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of two types of carbon fibres (CFs): hydroxyapatite modified carbon fibres and porous carbon fibres. Porous CFs used as scaffold for tissues regeneration could simultaneously serve as a support for drug delivery or biologically active agents which would stimulate the tissue growth; while addition of nanohydroxyapatite to CFs precursor can modify their biological properties (such as bioactivity) without subsequent surface modifications, making the process cost and time effective. Presented results indicated that fibre modification with HAp promoted formation of apatite on the fibre surface during incubation in simulated body fluid.

Comparative in vivo biocompatibility study of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes.

Carbon nanotubes are expected to be of use in both genetic engineering and biomaterials engineering. In each of these potential areas of application, nanoparticles are introduced into a living organism either in the form of active biomolecule carriers or as a result of the degradation process of an implant. In the present study we focus on the in vivo behavior of two types of carbon nanotubes (single- and multi-wall nanotubes).

[Study of selected biomaterials for reconstruction of septal nasal perforation].

Introduction: The septal nasal perforation is an important problem for the laryngologists and plastic surgeons. The reasons of septal nasal perforations are injuries, neoplasm, self-mutilation, chronic rhinitis, allergy, Wegener granuloma, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, toxic metals (arsenic, chrome), some drugs (steroids), narcotizing agents (cocaine) and complications after endoscopic and septal nasal operations. The surgical treatment, especially in the cases of large septal perforation, is often difficult because of the atrophy of nasal mucosa and lack of suitable material for reconstruction.

[New composite implant for tracheal reconstruction--preliminary study].

Stenosis of trachea's diameter occurs the most often as complications after intubation and tracheotomy. Among the other reasons of narrowing of this organ the following are being named: mechanical injuries, chemical damages, primary and metastasis tumors. The therapy of trachea's stenosis includes both alternative and radical treatments.

In vitro response of macrophages to a new carbon-polylactide composite for the treatment of periodontal diseases.

The purpose of the study was to examine the response of macrophages and the concentration of selected released cytokines following contact with a new carbon-polylactide composite. The macrophages were grown on samples of the materials and on each of its components separately. Viability of the cells as well as concentrations of interleukins IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha were then determined.