Multidimensional School-Based and Family-Involved Interventions to Promote a Healthy and Sustainable Lifestyle (LIVELY) for Childhood Obesity Prevention: Study Protocol.

Background: Childhood obesity has become a significant public health concern over the past 2 decades, posing multifactorial challenges, including modifiable factors like dietary habits, physical activity, screen time, and sleeping habits. Prevention efforts require a comprehensive approach comprising educational interventions, collaboration among multidisciplinary teams, and community engagement. Since schools play a central role in children's lives, they are the ideal setting for promoting healthy habits.

Incidence and risk of arterial and venous thrombotic events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients: a population-based study.

Objectives: Current data on arterial and venous thrombotic events (ATE & VTE) and cardiovascular (CV) risk management in European systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) population are limited. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and risk of thrombotic events and all-cause death in an Italian SLE cohort over the past decade, along with its pharmacotherapy.

Methods: Incident SLE cases between 2010 and 2019 were identified using administrative health databases of the Lombardy Region.

Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Risk of Cardiovascular Complications and Death in Older Adults with Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The unfavorable effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on cardiovascular (CV) outcomes and mortality was reported in the general population. We investigated the impact of PPIs on CV outcomes and total mortality in older people with diabetes mellitus (DM) for whom evidence is missing.

Methods: Using administrative health databases of the Lombardy Region, we analyzed the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke and total mortality in individuals with DM (≥65 years of age) exposed to PPIs in 2015 and followed up to 2021.

Prevalence and Predictors of Post-Acute COVID-19 Symptoms in Italian Primary Care Patients.

Background: Despite all the progress in the management of acute COVID-19, it is still not clear why some people continue to experience symptoms after recovery. Using data from a self-administered online survey, we assessed the prevalence and predictors of post-acute COVID-19 in an unselected population followed by GPs.

Methods: Patients ≥18 years with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis were included.

Impact of first and second/third wave of COVID-19 pandemic on post-acute cardiovascular outcomes in Lombardy.

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with a higher risk of post-acute complications. Our aim was to analyze and compare post-acute cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 survivors of the first and second/third pandemic waves in Lombardy, in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Methods And Results: We included adults aged ≥40 years infected during the first and second/third waves of COVID-19 pandemic.

The Moli-sani risk score, a new algorithm for measuring the global impact of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.

Background: Cardiovascular (CV) disease is preventable through interventions targeting modifiable factors. Most algorithms based on modifiable CV risk factors (CV-rf) have been developed in US populations and do not account for the role of diet. We aimed to assess an algorithm based on modifiable CV-rf including diet, using data from an Italian population.

Rationale and design of the CV-PREVITAL study: an Italian multiple cohort randomised controlled trial investigating innovative digital strategies in primary cardiovascular prevention.

Introduction: Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of key importance in reducing morbidity, disability and mortality worldwide. Observational studies suggest that digital health interventions can be an effective strategy to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, evidence from large randomised clinical trials is lacking.

Prescribing trends of glucose-lowering drugs in older adults from 2010 to 2021: A population-based study of Northern Italy.

Aims: To describe glucose-lowering drugs prescribing pattern in a large population of older diabetics from 2010 to 2021.

Methods: Using linkable administrative health databases, we included patients aged 65-90 years treated with glucose-lowering drugs. Prevalence rate of drugs was collected within each study year.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists, and Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and COVID-19 Outcomes.

Purpose: It has been reported that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have a role in modulation of inflammation associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study assessed the effect of these drug classes on COVID-19-related outcomes.

Methods: Using a COVID-19 linkable administrative database, we selected patients aged ≥40 years with at least 2 prescriptions of DPP-4i, GLP-1 RA, or SGLT-2i or any other antihyperglycemic drug and a diagnosis of COVID-19 from February 15, 2020, to March 15, 2021.

Antidiabetic Drug Prescription Pattern in Hospitalized Older Patients with Diabetes.

Objective: To describe the prescription pattern of antidiabetic and cardiovascular drugs in a cohort of hospitalized older patients with diabetes.

Methods: Patients with diabetes aged 65 years or older hospitalized in internal medicine and/or geriatric wards throughout Italy and enrolled in the REPOSI (REgistro POliterapuie SIMI-Società Italiana di Medicina Interna) registry from 2010 to 2019 and discharged alive were included.

Results: Among 1703 patients with diabetes, 1433 (84.

Impact of chronic GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2I therapy on in-hospital outcome of diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) demonstrated cardiovascular and renal protection. Whether their benefits occur also during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is not known. We evaluated in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with AMI according to their chronic use of GLP-1 RA and/or SGLT-2i.

Diabetes mellitus duration and mortality in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased mortality risk in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, no studies have investigated the impact of the duration of DM on in-hospital mortality. In this study, we evaluated in-hospital mortality in AMI patients according to DM status and its duration.

Methods: Using health administrative databases of Lombardy, DM patients≥50 years hospitalized with AMI from 2010 to 2019 were included in the analysis and were stratified according to the duration of DM: <5, 5-10, and > 10 years.

Lifetime risk, life expectancy, and years of life lost to type 2 diabetes in 23 high-income jurisdictions: a multinational, population-based study.

Background: Diabetes is a major public health issue. Because lifetime risk, life expectancy, and years of life lost are meaningful metrics for clinical decision making, we aimed to estimate these measures for type 2 diabetes in the high-income setting.

Methods: For this multinational, population-based study, we sourced data from 24 databases for 23 jurisdictions (either whole countries or regions of a country): Australia; Austria; Canada; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Hong Kong; Hungary; Israel; Italy; Japan; Latvia; Lithuania; the Netherlands; Norway; Scotland; Singapore; South Korea; Spain; Taiwan; the UK; and the USA.

Polypill Strategy in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.

Background: A polypill that includes key medications associated with improved outcomes (aspirin, angiotensin-converting-enzyme [ACE] inhibitor, and statin) has been proposed as a simple approach to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular death and complications after myocardial infarction.

Methods: In this phase 3, randomized, controlled clinical trial, we assigned patients with myocardial infarction within the previous 6 months to a polypill-based strategy or usual care. The polypill treatment consisted of aspirin (100 mg), ramipril (2.

Effectiveness and safety of GLP-1 receptor agonists versus SGLT-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: an Italian cohort study.

Background: GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) have shown to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), death and worsening nephropathy when added to standard of care. However, these two dug classes differ in efficacy and safety. We compared the effectiveness and safety profile of GLP-1 RA and SGLT-2i in a large and unselected cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes resident in Lombardy from 2015 to 2020.

Insulin treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure in the era of new antidiabetic medications.

Background: Coexistent heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with marked morbidity and mortality. Optimizing treatment strategies can reduce the number and severity of events. Insulin is frequently used in these patients, but its benefit/risk ratio is still not clear, particularly since new antidiabetic drugs that reduce major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and renal failure have recently come into use.

Trends in all-cause mortality among people with diagnosed diabetes in high-income settings: a multicountry analysis of aggregate data.

Background: Population-level trends in mortality among people with diabetes are inadequately described. We aimed to examine the magnitude and trends in excess all-cause mortality in people with diabetes.

Methods: In this retrospective, multicountry analysis, we collected aggregate data from 19 data sources in 16 high-income countries or jurisdictions (in six data sources in Asia, eight in Europe, one from Australia, and four from North America) for the period from Jan 1, 1995, to Dec 31, 2016, (or a subset of this period) on all-cause mortality in people with diagnosed total or type 2 diabetes.

Metformin use is associated with a decrease in the risk of hospitalization and mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: A population-based study in Lombardy.

Aim: To compare the association of metformin use and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in a cohort of 31 966 patients with diabetes in Lombardy.

Methods: We used a COVID-19 linkable administrative regional database to select patients with diabetes who were aged 40 years or older. They had at least two prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs in 2019 and a positive test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 from 15 February 2020 to 15 March 2021.

Trends in the incidence of diagnosed diabetes: a multicountry analysis of aggregate data from 22 million diagnoses in high-income and middle-income settings.

Background: Diabetes prevalence is increasing in most places in the world, but prevalence is affected by both risk of developing diabetes and survival of those with diabetes. Diabetes incidence is a better metric to understand the trends in population risk of diabetes. Using a multicountry analysis, we aimed to ascertain whether the incidence of clinically diagnosed diabetes has changed over time.

Lower risk of death and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes initiating glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: A real-world study in two Italian cohorts.

Aim: To examine the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors compared with other antihyperglycaemic agents (AHAs) in large and unselected populations of the Lombardy and Apulia regions in Italy.

Materials And Methods: An observational cohort study of first-time users of GLP-1RAs, SGLT2 inhibitors or other AHAs was conducted from 2010 to 2018. Death and cardiovascular (CV) events were evaluated using conditional Cox models in propensity-score-matched populations.