Effect of hypoxia and KCl depolarization in autofluorescence and ROS changes at the hippocampal CA3 area.

The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative and other diseases is considered to involve an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Water supplies are often characterized by excessive organic waste that is decomposed by bacteria, using dissolved oxygen, leading to oxygen depletion. The potassium content of these waters may also affect negatively the mitochondrial metabolism and cellular ROS formation.

Amanita-Induced Hepatitis.

The consumption of wild mushrooms can be associated with poisoning, particularly with species containing hepatotoxic toxins such as amatoxin, present in more than 35 species. We present a case of Amanita-induced hepatitis in a 73-year-old man after ingestion of wild mushrooms. He presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe diarrhea, intense abdominal pain, and vomiting, with onset approximately six hours after ingestion of wild mushrooms.

Diagnostic Challenges of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by clinical heterogeneity with unpredictable course. Several disease endotypes have been identified, including SLE with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We report a case of a pregnant woman with hypertension and proteinuria, diagnosed with APS, Libman-Sacks endocarditis that led to moderate to severe mitral valve insufficiency, and SLE.

Whipple's Disease: A Case Report.

Whipple's disease (WD) is caused by , frequently found in lamina propria's macrophages in the small intestine. It is a rare and chronic systemic infection, and the principal clinical manifestations are diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain, and arthralgia. The diagnosis is difficult mainly because of its rarity and should be considered in patients with arthralgias, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss after more common conditions have been excluded.

Splenic Infarction: A Rare Complication of Infectious Mononucleosis.

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and the condition is characterized by sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, and atypical lymphocytosis. These infections are common in early childhood, with a second peak occurring in late adolescence. EBV is spread by contact with oral secretions.

Unraveling the Aquaporin-3 Inhibitory Effect of Rottlerin by Experimental and Computational Approaches.

The natural polyphenolic compound Rottlerin (RoT) showed anticancer properties in a variety of human cancers through the inhibition of several target molecules implicated in tumorigenesis, revealing its potential as an anticancer agent. Aquaporins (AQPs) are found overexpressed in different types of cancers and have recently emerged as promising pharmacological targets. Increasing evidence suggests that the water/glycerol channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a key role in cancer and metastasis.

Rescue of Rare CFTR Trafficking Mutants Highlights a Structural Location-Dependent Pattern for Correction.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. Currently, more than 2100 variants have been identified in the gene, with a large number being very rare. The approval of modulators that act on mutant CFTR protein, correcting its molecular defect and thus alleviating the burden of the disease, revolutionized the field of CF.

Refining Therapy in Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer with Central Nervous System Metastasis.

Background: Brain metastasis (BM) is a major clinical problem in metastatic breast cancer (MBC), occurring in 50% of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer. Historically omitted from clinical trials, recent studies of novel HER2-targeted agents have focused on HER2+ BM patients, addressing stable but also progressing BM and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC).

Summary: This review aimed to summarize the most relevant data on treating patients with HER2+ BM and LMC.

Effects of neuromodulation on executive functions and food desires in individuals with obesity: a systematic review.

Objective: to describe the effects of neuromodulation on the performance of executive functions in overweight and/or individuals with obesity. Methods: articles published in PubMed, ScienceDirect, BIREME, and Web of Science databases were selected using the following combination of descriptors: ("problem solving" OR "executive function" OR memory) AND (tDCS OR TMS) AND obesity. After applying the selection criteria, 08 articles were included for analysis.

Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction Presenting With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Intrahospital Cardiac Arrest: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is characterized by a bilayered appearance of the myocardium with excessive trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses. Manifestations of this condition are widely variable, ranging from incidental findings in asymptomatic individuals to symptomatic heart failure, conduction abnormalities, tachyarrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, and systemic embolisms are the most frequent cardiovascular complications.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Breast Cancer Management in Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Survey-Based Study of Medical Oncologists.

Introduction: Cancer care providers have faced many challenges in delivering safe care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional survey-based study investigated the impact of the pandemic on clinical practices of Portuguese medical oncologists caring for patients with breast cancer.

Methods: An anonymous online survey comprising 42 questions gathered information regarding COVID-19 testing, treatment in (neo)adjuvant and metastatic settings, and other aspects of breast cancer management.

Next-Generation Sequencing in Breast Cancer Management: A Case Report of Genomic Tumour Evolution over Time.

The clinicopathological breast cancer subtypes are used in clinical practice to better anticipate biological behaviour and guide systemic treatment strategy. In the adjuvant setting, genomic assay recurrence scores became widely available for luminal-like disease. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) platforms have been used, essentially, in more advanced disease setting, in situations refractory to conventional treatment, or even in rare cancers for which there are no established treatment guidelines.

Multiple Primary Malignancies in Head and Neck Cancer: A University Hospital Experience Over a Five-Year Period.

Introduction With an estimated incidence of 2%-4% per year, the development of a second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with head and neck tumors (HNTs) is not a rare event. The present study aimed to (i) assess the frequency of SPMs in patients with HNTs treated in a university hospital over a five-year period and (ii) provide a demographic characterization of these patients. Methods Retrospective single-centre study of patients with more than one primary tumor (including at least one HNT) diagnosed between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019.

Human Microbiota and Breast Cancer-Is There Any Relevant Link?-A Literature Review and New Horizons Toward Personalised Medicine.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second cause of cancer-specific death in women from high-income countries. Recently, gut microbiota dysbiosis emerged as a key player that may directly and/or indirectly influence development, treatment, and prognosis of BC through diverse biological processes: host cell proliferation and death, immune system function, chronic inflammation, oncogenic signalling, hormonal and detoxification pathways. Gut colonisation occurs during the prenatal period and is later diversified over distinct phases throughout life.

Why are some cyano-based ionic liquids better glucose solvents than water?

Among different classes of ionic liquids (ILs), those with cyano-based anions have been of special interest due to their low viscosity and enhanced solvation ability for a large variety of compounds. Experimental results from this work reveal that the solubility of glucose in some of these ionic liquids may be higher than in water - a well-known solvent with enhanced capacity to dissolve mono- and disaccharides. This raises questions on the ability of cyano groups to establish strong hydrogen bonds with carbohydrates and on the optimal number of cyano groups at the IL anion that maximizes the solubility of glucose.

Evaluation of the GROMOS 56ACARBO Force Field for the Calculation of Structural, Volumetric, and Dynamic Properties of Aqueous Glucose Systems.

Glucose is an important carbohydrate, relevant both for its biological functions and as a raw material for industrial processes. As a monomer of cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer, it is an alternative feedstock for fuels and chemicals in the biorefinery framework. Since glucose is often used and processed in aqueous solutions, it is important to understand the structural, volumetric, and dynamic properties of aqueous glucose solutions at varying concentrations.

Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with Cyano Containing Anions with Water and Ethanol.

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate ([C4C1im][SCN]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([C4C1im][N(CN)2]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([C4C1im][C(CN)3]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate ([C2C1im][B(CN)4]), with water and ethanol were measured over the whole concentration range at 0.1, 0.07, and 0.

Computational and experimental study of the behavior of cyano-based ionic liquids in aqueous solution.

The solvation of cyano- (CN-) based ionic liquids (ILs) and their capacity to establish hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) with water was studied by means of experimental and computational approaches. Experimentally, water activity data were measured for aqueous solutions of ILs based on 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium ([BMIM](+)) cation combined with one of the following anions: thiocyanate ([SCN](-)), dicyanamide ([DCA](-)), or tricyanomethanide ([TCM](-)), and of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetracyanoborate ([EMIM][TCB]). From the latter data, water activity coefficients were estimated showing that [BMIM][SCN] and [BMIM][DCA], unlike [BMIM][TCM] and [EMIM][TCB], are able to establish favorable interactions with water.

In vivo notch signaling blockade induces abnormal spermatogenesis in the mouse.

In a previous study we identified active Notch signaling in key cellular events occurring at adult spermatogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the function of Notch signaling in spermatogenesis through the effects of in vivo Notch blockade. Adult CD1 male mice were either submitted to a long term DAPT (?-secretase inhibitor) or vehicle treatment.

Understanding the impact of the central atom on the ionic liquid behavior: phosphonium vs ammonium cations.

The influence of the cation's central atom in the behavior of pairs of ammonium- and phosphonium-based ionic liquids was investigated through the measurement of densities, viscosities, melting temperatures, activity coefficients at infinite dilution, refractive indices, and toxicity against Vibrio fischeri. All the properties investigated are affected by the cation's central atom nature, with ammonium-based ionic liquids presenting higher densities, viscosities, melting temperatures, and enthalpies. Activity coefficients at infinite dilution show the ammonium-based ionic liquids to present slightly higher infinite dilution activity coefficients for non-polar solvents, becoming slightly lower for polar solvents, suggesting that the ammonium-based ionic liquids present somewhat higher polarities.