The bs5 allele of the susceptibility gene Bs5 of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) encoding a natural deletion variant of a CYSTM protein conditions resistance to bacterial spot disease caused by Xanthomonas species.

The bs5 resistance gene against bacterial spot was identified by map-based cloning. The recessive bs5 gene of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) conditions a non-hypersensitive resistance trait, characterized by a slightly swollen, pale green, photosynthetically active leaf tissue, following Xanthomonas euvesicatoria infection.

The Use of Biopsy and "No-Biopsy" Approach for Diagnosing Paediatric Coeliac Disease in the Central European Region.

Objectives: The current European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines introduced the option to diagnose coeliac disease (CD) in children and adolescents without upper endoscopy if the defined criteria are met. The aim of our study was to evaluate how frequently paediatric gastroenterologists in Central Europe used the "no-biopsy" approach and how often the duodenal biopsy could have been omitted.

Methods: Medical records of patients aged < 19 years diagnosed with CD in 2016 from five European countries were analysed, focusing on levels of transglutaminase antibodies (TGA) at the time of diagnosis and on whether the diagnosis was confirmed using duodenal biopsy or "no-biopsy" approach.

Genetic investigation confirmed the clinical phenotype of congenital chloride diarrhea in a Hungarian patient: a case report.

Background: Congenital chloride diarrhea (CCD, OMIM 214700) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited condition characterized by watery diarrhea, hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis. Mutations of the solute carrier family 26, member 3 (SLC26A3, OMIM 126650) gene are responsible for the disease. The gene encodes a transmembrane protein, which is essential for intestinal chloride absorption.

[Aspects of nutrition therapy of an infant with central nervous system tumour].

The atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (ATRT) is a rare type of central nervous system tumour appearing usually under 2 years of age. The survival of patients is insufficient despite the combined treatment (neurosurgical removal, intensive chemo- and radiotherapy). ATRT recurs one year after completion of treatment in 60% of cases.

Incidence, Paris classification, and follow-up in a nationwide incident cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence, baseline disease characteristics, and disease location based on the Paris classification in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Hungarian nationwide inception cohort. In addition, 1-year follow-up with therapy was analyzed.

Methods: From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009, newly diagnosed pediatric patients with IBD were prospectively registered.

Conserved structure of the chloroplast-DNA encoded D1 protein is essential for effective photoprotection via non-photochemical thermal dissipation in higher plants.

Naturally selected atrazine-resistant (AR) weeds possessing a Ser(264) --> Gly D1 protein encoded by a mutant psbA allele in the chloroplast-DNA have increased photosensitivity and lower fitness. The D1 mutant lines of S. nigrum revealed impaired regulation of photosystem II (PSII) activity as compared with the wild-type plants resulting in a less effective photochemical light utilization and in addition, a lower capacity of non-photochemical thermal dissipation (NPQ), one of the main photoprotective mechanisms in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms.

Gluten intake interferes with the humoral immune response to recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in patients with celiac disease.

Objective: Patients with celiac disease, who often carry human leukocyte antigen-DR3;DQ2, are prone to inadequate response to hepatitis B immunization. We evaluated vaccine response in relation to disease activity and whether previous treatment with a gluten-free diet influences the achievement of protective antibody titers.

Patients And Methods: We studied 128 children and adolescents with celiac disease and 113 age-matched control subjects.

[Randomised placebo controlled double blind study on the effect of prebiotic oligosaccharides on intestinal flora in healthy infants].

Aim: Effects of supplementing prebiotic oligosaccharides to formula for healthy infants were studied in this placebo controlled, randomised, double blind study.

Methods: Ninety-seven infants were included into the study; among them 42 breast-fed infants, 14 infants fed formula supplemented with 0.4 g/100ml oligosaccharides (9 to 1 mixture of galacto- and fructooligosaccharides) and 13 infants fed control formula were followed-up throughout the 12-week-long study period.