Activity of the hypothalamic neuropeptide Y increases in adult and decreases in old rats.

Middle-aged obesity and aging anorexia with muscle loss (sarcopenia) of old people present public health burden. These alterations may appear both in humans and rodents suggesting the role for regulatory alterations. Previously, we demonstrated that biphasic changes in the weight-reducing (catabolic) effects of neuropeptides of the hypothalamus-adipose tissue axis (e.

Cardiovascular risk factors in coeliac disease (ARCTIC): a protocol of multicentre series of studies.

Introduction: There is only limited and controversial information available on the cardiovascular (CV) risk in coeliac disease (CD). In this study, we plan to investigate the body composition and CV risk-related metabolic parameters at the diagnosis of CD and on a gluten-free diet in a Hungarian cohort of patients with CD.

Methods And Analysis: This study consists of two case-control studies and a prospective cohort study, involving newly diagnosed and treated patients with CD with age and sex-matched non-CD control subjects with an allocation ratio of 1:1.

Aging Changes the Efficacy of Central Urocortin 2 to Induce Weight Loss in Rats.

Middle-aged obesity and aging cachexia present healthcare challenges. Central responsiveness to body-weight-reducing mediators, e.g.

Weight reduction added to CPAP decreases blood pressure and triglyceride level in OSA: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with treatment-resistant hypertension and high cardiovascular risk. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) fails to reduce cardiovascular risks consistently. Obesity and OSA show reciprocal association and they synergistically increase hypertension via different pathways.

Leptin coordinates efferent sympathetic outflow to the white adipose tissue through the midbrain centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus in male rats.

The centrally-projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWcp) hosts a large population of neurons expressing urocortin 1 (Ucn1) and about half of these neurons also express the leptin receptor (LepRb). Previously, we have shown that the peripheral adiposity hormone leptin signaling energy surfeit modulates EWcp neurons' activity. Here, we hypothesized that Ucn1/LepRb neurons in the EWcp would act as a crucial neuronal node in the brain-white adipose tissue (WAT) axis modulating efferent sympathetic outflow to the WAT.

Intranasal Delivery of a Methyllanthionine-Stabilized Galanin Receptor-2-Selective Agonist Reduces Acute Food Intake.

The regulatory (neuro)peptide galanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it mediates its effects via three G protein-coupled receptors (GALR). Galanin has a vast diversity of biological functions, including modulation of feeding behavior. However, the clinical application of natural galanin is not practicable due to its rapid in vivo breakdown by peptidases and lack of receptor subtype specificity.

Assessment of clinical data on urocortins and their therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular diseases present public health challenges. Although great progress was achieved in their treatment, there is continuous need for new therapies. Urocortins of the corticotropin neuropeptide family were reported to exert beneficial effects in animal models of HF and cardiovascular diseases.

Dietary supplementation of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel agonists reduces serum total cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of controlled human trials.

Abnormal cholesterol level is a major risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis, which is a fundamental derangement in cardiovascular diseases. Any efforts should be undertaken to lower blood cholesterol levels. Among dietary interventions, capsaicinoid supplementation is also considered as a novel cholesterol-lowering approach, but human studies concluded contradictory results about its effectiveness.

Rats sniff out pulmonary tuberculosis from sputum: a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) are trained to identify TB patients by smelling sputum. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the data to see if this novel method is comparable to traditional laboratory screening and detection methods like Ziehl-Neelsen stain-based assays (ZN) and bacterial culture. The search and data processing strategy is registered at PROSPERO (CRD42019123629).

Pre-transplant Sarcopenic Obesity Worsens the Survival After Liver Transplantation: A Meta-Analysis and a Systematic Review.

The rising prevalence of cirrhotic cases related to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis has led to an increased number of cirrhotic patients with coexistence of obesity and muscle mass loss, known as sarcopenic obesity (SO). In patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT), the presence of SO may worsen prognosis, and increase morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the presence of pre-transplant SO on the outcomes of LT.

Pregnancy outcomes of women whom spouse fathered children after tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia: A systematic review.

Introduction: The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Although the efficacy of TKIs is beyond dispute, conception-related safety issues are still waiting to be explored, particularly in males. This systematic review aimed to summarize all available evidence on pregnancy outcomes of female spouses of male CML patients who fathered children after TKI treatment for CML.

Visceral Adiposity Elevates the Risk of Critical Condition in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: A higher BMI has become acknowledged as one of the important risk factors for developing critical condition in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In addition to BMI, body composition, and particularly visceral adiposity, might be an even more accurate measure to stratify patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the distributions of computed-tomography-quantified fat mass and critical condition of patients with COVID-19.

Ultrafiltration is better than diuretic therapy for volume-overloaded acute heart failure patients: a meta-analysis.

Studies on the effectiveness of ultrafiltration (UF) in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) have led to heterogeneous study outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of UF therapy in ADHF patients. We searched the medical literature to identify well-designed studies comparing UF with the usual diuretic therapy in this setting.

Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Appears to Be Effective and Safe as a Part of Multimodal Analgesia in Bariatric Surgery: a Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Purpose: Pain after bariatric surgery can prolong recovery. This patient group is highly susceptible to opioid-related side effects. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery guidelines strongly recommend the administration of multimodal medications to reduce narcotic consumption.

Maternal overnutrition impairs offspring's insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between maternal overnutrition and offspring's insulin sensitivity-following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. Studies published in English before April 22, 2019, were identified through searches of four medical databases. After selection, 15 studies aiming to explore the association between prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) or gestational weight gain (GWG) of non-diabetic mothers and their offspring's insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin or glucose level and Homeostatic Measurement Assessment for Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR]) were included in the meta-analysis.

Academia Europaea Position Paper on Translational Medicine: The Cycle Model for Translating Scientific Results into Community Benefits.

Introduction: Translational science has gained prominence in medicine, but there is still much work to be done before scientific results are used optimally and incorporated into everyday health practice. As the main focus is still on generating new scientific data with financial resources primarily available for that purpose, other activities that are necessary in the transition from research to community benefit are considered less needy. The European Statistical Office of the European Commission has recently reported that 1.

Direct Anticoagulants and Risk of Myocardial Infarction, a Multiple Treatment Network Meta-Analysis.

We assessed the cardiovascular safety of long-term direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) treatment. A search of the medical literature was performed from inception until May 31, 2019. Inclusion criteria were (1) randomized trial that assessed the clinical efficacy and/or safety of 1 or more DOAC, (2) control group including oral anticoagulation and/or antiplatelet and/or placebo treatment, and (3) the incidence of acute coronary syndrome during follow-up was reported.