Sustainable and Environmentally Friendly Approach for the Synthesis of Azoxybenzenes from the Reductive Dimerization of Nitrosobenzenes and the Oxidation of Anilines.

This study demonstrates a comparative synthesis of azoxybenzenes through the reductive dimerization of nitrosobenzenes and the oxidation of anilines. Utilizing the cost-effective DIPEA catalyst at room temperature with water as a green solvent, the one-pot procedure involves in situ generation of nitrosobenzene derivatives from anilines in the presence of oxone, followed by DIPEA addition. Both methods yield azoxybenzenes with high selectivity, showcasing the versatility of DIPEA in facilitating the synthesis of azoxybenzenes with various substituents in ortho, meta, and para positions, encompassing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups.

Analysis of Differences in DNA Damage and Repair Efficacy in Lymphocytes of Patients with Bipolar Disorder.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine DNA damage during euthymic and attack periods, and the oxidative metabolism states that may cause this damage in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. The role of DNA repair mechanisms in this process was also investigated.

Method: The study included a total of 90 patients aged between 18-65 years who were diagnosed with bipolar disorder according to DSM- 5 diagnostic criteria, with 30 patients in euthymic, 30 in manic and 30 in depressive periods.

Efficient catalyst-free direct amidation of non-activated carboxylic acids from carbodiimides.

A novel and efficient catalyst- and activating agent-free amidation method direct amidation of carboxylic acids where carbodiimides act as a reagent instead of an activating agent is reported. The reaction is conducted under non-traditional coupling conditions where a higher temperature is employed. Besides not using stoichiometric ratios of activating agent or catalyst, this approach is made even more attractive by occurring in the presence of the environmentally friendly and recyclable non-toxic solvent of DMSO.

Anion Recognition by a Pincer-Type Host Constructed from Two Polyamide Macrocyclic Frameworks Jointed by a Photo-Addressable Azobenzene Switch.

A sterically crowded light-responsive host was synthetized with a 93% yield by applying a post-functionalization protocol utilizing the double amidation of 4,4'-azodibenzoyl dichloride with a readily available 26-membered macrocyclic amine. X-ray structures of two hydrates of - demonstrate a very different alignment of the azobenzene linkage, which is involved in -shape or parallel-displaced π⋯π stacking interactions with the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide moieties from the macrocyclic backbone. Despite the rigidity of the macrocyclic framework, which generates a large steric hindrance around the azobenzene chromophore, the host retains the ability to undergo a reversible ⟷ isomerization upon irradiation with UVA (368 nm) and blue (410 nm) light.

Iconic Memory in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a fast decay in the iconic memory of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared to healthy individuals by taking into consideration the clinical OCD subtypes.

Method: The study included 74 patients diagnosed with OCD on the basis of the DSM 5 criteria and 63 healthy individuals. The OCD patients were grouped as washers, checkers, both washers and checkers, and non-washers and non-checkers.

Iconic Memory in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a fast decay in the iconic memory of patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared to healthy individuals by taking into consideration the clinical OCD subtypes.

Method: The study included 74 patients diagnosed with OCD on the basis of the DSM 5 criteria and 63 healthy individuals. The OCD patients were grouped as washers, checkers, both washers and checkers, and non-washers and non-checkers.

Multifaceted impulsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder with hoarding symptoms.

Objective: Hoarding is common in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and OCD with hoarding may have poorer prognostic features than OCD without hoarding. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between multifaceted impulsivity and hoarding symptoms in individuals with OCD. This relationship is important to be able to understand the psychopathological mechanisms of hoarding symptoms in OCD patients.

Modafinil Dependence: A Case with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Modafinil is generally known as a drug with low addiction potential. There are few case reports in the literature demonstrating that Modafinil, stated being capable of diminishing symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), causes addiction. In the present article a Modafinil addicted ADHD case, consuming usurious doses (5,000 mg/per day) of Modafinil is presented.