Supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking casts for low-risk ankle fractures in children: a feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Aims: It is unclear if a supportive bandage, removable splint, or walking cast offers the best outcome following low-risk ankle fractures in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to compare these treatments.

Methods: Children aged five to 15 years with low-risk ankle fractures were recruited to this feasibility trial from 1 February 2020 to 30 March 2023.

Rain-induced sodium dissolution and loose mineral mixture runoff in uncovered feeders: possible effects on mineral intake, growth performance, and nutritional needs fulfilment of grazing cattle.

The objective was to investigate the effect of rainfall on sodium (Na) dissolution and total losses by runoff of loose mineral mixtures (MM) available in uncovered feeders to grazing cattle, as well as the possible impacts on their growth performance and fulfilment of Na nutritional needs. Experiments ( = 7) were conducted to quantify the amount of Na lost due to rainfall and to evaluate the effects of different Na levels in the MM (35, 70, 105, and 140 g Na/kg) on MM assumed intake and growth performance. Cattle grazed Brachiaria sp.

Supporting Regional Upper Limb Arthroplasty: The Impact of Establishing an Upper Limb Orthopaedic Network.

Background And Objectives: The management of complex upper limb arthroplasty has received national guidelines supporting the use of a regional network. An upper limb network was established for both elbow and shoulder arthroplasty. This study evaluates the impact of establishing this network over a 5-year period.

Immobilisation in a collar and cuff with high elbow flexion is a safe and effective treatment option to reduce and immobilise Gartland type II supracondylar fractures.

Introduction: This study aimed to report the proportion of children requiring subsequent surgical intervention, rate of complications and radiologic outcomes following collar and cuff immobilisation with high elbow flexion (>90°) for Gartland type II supracondylar fractures.

Methods: A retrospective case series of consecutive patients aged <18 years with Gartland type II fractures treated at a level 1 trauma centre from December 2020 to April 2023 was conducted. The need for surgical intervention and complications were recorded from electronic clinical notes.

Association of rainfall pattern with the disappearance of mineral mixtures fed cattle managed on tropical pastures.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between rainfall and the disappearance of mineral mixtures in the supplementation of cattle on pasture. Supplement consumption and rainfall data were obtained from five experiments carried out between 2016 and 2022. The experiments lasted from 84 to 126 days and had 12 to 18 paddocks formed by Brachiaria spp.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation over supramarginal gyrus stimulates primary motor cortex directly and impairs manual dexterity: implications for TMS focality.

Based on human motor cortex, the effective spatial resolution of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is often described as 5-20 mm, because small changes in TMS coil position can have large effects on motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). MEPs are often studied at rest, with muscles relaxed. During muscle contraction and movement, corticospinal excitability is higher, thresholds for effective stimulation are lower, and MEPs can be evoked from larger regions of scalp, so the effective spatial resolution of TMS is larger.

Powder and agglomerated free-choice minerals for grazing cattle: animal responses and chemical and physical alterations of the mineral mixture.

The aim was to evaluate the animal response and the chemical and physical changes of free-choice mineral mixtures fed to grazing cattle. Growing beef cattle were fed either powder (POW) or agglomerated (AGL) mineral mixtures in three different experiments (Exp.), carried out in pastures of grass.

Can the Clinical Frailty Scale on admission predict 30-day survival, postoperative complications, and institutionalization in patients with fragility hip fracture? : a cohort study of 1,255 patients.

Aims: We assessed the value of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in the prediction of adverse outcome after hip fracture.

Methods: Of 1,577 consecutive patients aged > 65 years with a fragility hip fracture admitted to one institution, for whom there were complete data, 1,255 (72%) were studied. Clinicians assigned CFS scores on admission.

Interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children.

Background: Elbow supracondylar fractures are common, with treatment decisions based on fracture displacement. However, there remains controversy regarding the best treatments for this injury.

Objectives: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of interventions for treating supracondylar elbow fractures in children.

Surgical fixation of rib fractures improves 30-day survival after significant chest injury : an analysis of ten years of prospective registry data from England and Wales.

Aims: The last decade has seen a marked increase in surgical rib fracture fixation (SRF). The evidence to support this comes largely from retrospective cohorts, and adjusting for the effect of other injuries sustained at the same time is challenging. This study aims to assess the impact of SRF after blunt chest trauma using national prospective registry data, while controlling for other comorbidities and injuries.

Surgical management of rib fractures after blunt trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Multiple traumatic rib fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The last decade has seen a significant increase in rates of surgical fixation for both flail and non-flail rib fractures; the evidence for this has come from largely retrospective studies. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy of this approach with that of non-operative management.

Trends in hospital admissions for childhood fractures in England.

Purpose: Fractures to the axial and appendicular skeleton are common in children causing loss of opportunities and disability. There are relatively few studies available to quantify the number of children who have their fractures diagnosed in the emergency department and are then admitted to hospital for ongoing management. The purpose of this study is to explore trends of frequency, types and age of children sustaining fractures who were admitted for intervention to National Health Service (NHS) hospitals.

Deep infection after hip hemiarthroplasty: risk factors for infection and outcome of treatments.

Aims: Deep surgical site infection (SSI) remains an unsolved problem after hip fracture. Debridement, antibiotic, and implant retention (DAIR) has become a mainstream treatment in elective periprosthetic joint infection; however, evidence for DAIR after infected hip hemiarthroplaty is limited.

Methods: Patients who underwent a hemiarthroplasty between March 2007 and August 2018 were reviewed.

Development of the CORE-Kids core set of outcome domains for studies of childhood limb fractures.

Aims: The aim of this study is to develop a core set of outcome domains that should be considered and reported in all future trials of childhood limb fractures.

Methods: A four-phase study was conducted to agree a set of core outcome domains. Identification of candidate outcome domains were identified through systematic review of trials, and outcome domains relevant to families were identified through semi-structured interviews with 20 families (parent-child pairing or group).

Early Opiate Analgesic Requirements Following Nonsurgically Managed Tibial Fractures in Children.

Background: Many children with tibial fractures are currently being managed as outpatients. It is unclear how much opiates should be prescribed to ensure adequate analgesia at home without overprescription. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for requiring opiates following admission for tibial fractures and to estimate opiate requirements for children being discharged directly from the emergency department (ED).

Two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine enhance antibody responses to variants in individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Understanding the impact of prior infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the response to vaccination is a priority for responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, it is necessary to understand how prior infection plus vaccination can modulate immune responses against variants of concern. To address this, we sampled 20 individuals with and 25 individuals without confirmed previous SARS-CoV-2 infection from a large cohort of health care workers followed serologically since April 2020.

Outcomes after hip fractures sustained in hospital: A propensity-score matched cohort study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes following hip fracture for patients who sustained their fracture whilst in hospital (inpatients) with those who sustained their fracture in the community (outpatients).

Patients And Methods: Data on all hip fracture admissions aged 65 years or over between 1 May 2007 and 31 March 2018 was analysed from a prospectively collected hip fracture database. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, and discharge information were analysed.

Treatment of completely displaced distal radial fractures with a straight plaster or manipulation under anaesthesia.

Aims: The management of completely displaced fractures of the distal radius in children remains controversial. This study evaluates the outcomes of surgical and non-surgical management of 'off-ended' fractures in children with at least two years of potential growth remaining.

Methods: A total of 34 boys and 22 girls aged 0 to ten years with a closed, completely displaced metaphyseal distal radial fracture presented between 1 November 2015 and 1 January 2020.

Sensitivity and specificity of multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy laboratory tests: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review (number register: CRD42018112736) was performed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of leprosy diagnostic methods. The search was conducted in 3 electronic databases in January 2021. Studies evaluating leprosy diagnostic tests were included according the eligibility criteria.

Developing a core outcome set for hand fractures and joint injuries in adults: a systematic review.

This study identifies the treatment outcome domains used in recently published studies on the treatment of hand fractures and joint injuries with the aim to inform development of a core outcome set. Seven databases were searched from January 2014 to March 2019 for randomized and quasi-randomized studies and large prospective observational studies. We identified 1777 verbatim outcomes in 160 eligible studies.

Methicillin-resistant in hip fracture.

Aims: Infection after surgery increases treatment costs and is associated with increased mortality. Hip fracture patients have historically had high rates of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) colonization and surgical site infection (SSI). This paper reports the impact of routine MRSA screening and the "cleanyourhands" campaign on rates of MRSA SSI and patient outcome.

Quality of patient-reported outcomes used for quality of life, physical function, and functional capacity in trials of childhood fractures.

Aims: This study evaluates the quality of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) reported in childhood fracture trials and recommends outcome measures to assess and report physical function, functional capacity, and quality of life using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) standards.

Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant systematic review of OVID Medline, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL was performed to identify all PROMs reported in trials. A search of OVID Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO was performed to identify all PROMs with validation studies in childhood fractures.

Outcomes reported in trials of childhood fractures: a systematic review.

Aims: To analyze outcomes reported in trials of childhood fractures.

Methods: OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched on the eighth August 2019. A manual search of trial registries, bibliographic review and internet search was used to identify additional studies.

Are facemasks a priority for all staff in theatre to prevent surgical site infections during shortages of supply? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The provision of facemasks must be prioritised when supplies are interrupted. These include supplies to operating rooms. The aim of this review is to evaluate the available evidence to determine the relative priority for the provision of facemasks in operating rooms to prevent surgical site infection.

Five-year survival analysis and predictors of death in HIV-positive serology patients attending the Military Hospital of Nampula, Mozambique.

An observational retrospective study was conducted over a 5-year period to assess survival and predictors of death in people with HIV-positive serology undergoing antiretroviral treatment with first-line regimens at the Military Hospital of Nampula, Mozambique. We collected data from 332 patient records. Kaplan-Meier boundary product estimator, log-rank, Gehan-Breslow, Tarone-Ware, time-dependent Cox models and estimates of hazard ratios (HR), with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.