Typological and cumulative approaches to risk and adversity in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS): Retrospective cohort analysis in South London.

Background: Childhood adversity is robustly associated with mental ill-health. Yet questions remain about how different ways of conceptualising adversity relate to psychiatric diagnoses and service activity. This research aims to examine associations between typological and cumulative conceptualisations of adversity, and psychiatric diagnosis and service activity.

Nociplastic Pain in Endometriosis: A Scoping Review.

Endometriosis is an inflammatory chronic condition associated with nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain. Central sensitization (CS) is the primary nociplastic pain mechanism. However, there are currently no standardized methods for detecting CS or nociplastic pain.

The Burden of Pain Symptoms in Individuals with Uterine Fibroids-Results from a Prospective Observational Study in the USA.

Purpose: To characterize the burden of uterine fibroids (UF) in individuals experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and moderate-to-severe UF-associated pain in terms of symptoms experienced, impact on work and activities, and pain medication use both on menstrual and non-menstrual days.

Patients And Methods: This prospective, real-world, observational study enrolled 350 participants in the USA with a self-reported UF diagnosis, HMB, and moderate-to-severe pain due to UF. Data collection took place from February 9 to July 19, 2021.

3-Month Melatonin Supplementation to Reduce Brain Oxidative Stress and Improve Sleep in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomised Controlled Feasibility Trial.

Melatonin has multiple proposed therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties, circadian rhythm synchronisation and sleep promotion. Since these areas are also recognised risk factors for dementia, melatonin has been hypothesised to slow cognitive decline in older adults. Participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) were recruited from the community for a 12-week randomised placebo-controlled parallel, feasibility trial of 25 mg oral melatonin nightly.

Behavioural evidence of spectral opponent processing in the visual system of stomatopod crustaceans.

Stomatopods, commonly known as mantis shrimps, possess intricate colour vision with up to 12 photoreceptor classes arranged in four specialised ommatidia rows (rows 1-4 in the midband region of the eye) for colour perception. Whereas 2-4 spectral sensitivities suffice for most visual systems, the function and mechanism behind stomatopods' 12-channel colour vision remains unclear. Previous anatomical and behavioural studies have suggested that binning and opponent processing mechanisms may coexist in stomatopod colour vision.

A dynamic customized electronic health record rule based clinical decision support tool for standardized adult intensive care metrics.

Objectives: Many routine patient care items should be reviewed at least daily for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. These items are often incompletely performed, and dynamic clinical decision support tools (CDSTs) may improve attention to these daily items. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of institutionalized electronic health record (EHR) based custom dynamic CDST to support 22 ICU rounding quality metrics across 7 categories (hypoglycemia, venothromboembolism prophylaxis, stress ulcer prophylaxis, mechanical ventilation, sedation, nutrition, and catheter removal).

Longitudinal interpretability of deep learning based breast cancer risk prediction.

Deep-learning-based models have achieved state-of-the-art breast cancer risk (BCR) prediction performance. However, these models are highly complex, and the underlying mechanisms of BCR prediction are not fully understood. Key questions include whether these models can detect breast morphologic changes that lead to cancer.

"Don't give up, advocate for yourself": A pilot study examining healthcare experiences of people with Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome (MRKH).

Study Objective: Mayer Rokitansky Küster Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is characterized by the underdevelopment or absence of the uterus and upper vagina. Navigating healthcare interactions may present unique challenges for those with MRKH as there appears to be sparse clinical education and research available to healthcare providers. Additionally, limited research exists on the healthcare experiences of people with MRKH.

Evaluation of the flying focal spot technology in a wide-angle digital breast tomosynthesis system.

Purpose: We characterize the flying focal spot (FFS) technology in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), designed to overcome source motion blurring.

Approach: A wide-angle DBT system with continuous gantry and focus motion ("uncompensated focus") and a system with FFS were compared for image sharpness and lesion detectability. The modulation transfer function (MTF) was assessed as a function of height in the projections and reconstructed images, along with lesion detectability using the contrast detail phantom for mammography (CDMAM) and the L1 phantom.

Perceptions on pesticides: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of residents in Trinidad and Tobago.

Extensive pesticide use in Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) raises concerns for human and environmental health. Therefore, this study sought to assess the general knowledge, attitudes and practices of T&T residents on pesticides and related topics. Using convenience (non-probability) sampling, a questionnaire was administered to residents of Trinidad ( = 572) and Tobago ( = 68).

An automated toolbox for microcalcification cluster modeling for mammographic imaging.

Background: Mammographic imaging is essential for breast cancer detection and diagnosis. In addition to masses, calcifications are of concern and the early detection of breast cancer also heavily relies on the correct interpretation of suspicious microcalcification clusters. Even with advances in imaging and the introduction of novel techniques such as digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced mammography, a correct interpretation can still be challenging given the subtle nature and large variety of calcifications.

Integrating digital behavioural therapy for insomnia into primary care: A feasibility mixed-methods study.

Digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia has been developed to increase capacity and scalability for patients with insomnia, but implementation in primary care remains limited. The aim of the trial was to evaluate the implementation of digital insomnia therapy into primary care practice for patients with insomnia. We conducted a single-arm feasibility trial of digital behavioural therapy for insomnia (SleepFix) providing sleep restriction therapy with insomnia patients in primary care.

The effect of restricted and free-living conditions on light exposure and sleep in older adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, studies reported that restricted living conditions were associated with worse subjective sleep quality. This effect might have been caused by reduced light exposure during lockdowns. We investigated light exposure levels, subjective and objective sleep and physical activity levels in older adults during restricted and free-living conditions after the pandemic.

Deep-sea fish reveal alternative pathway for vertebrate visual development.

Vertebrate vision is accomplished by two phenotypically distinct types of photoreceptors in the retina: the saturation-resistant cones for the detection of bright light and the highly sensitive rods for dim light conditions [1]. The current dogma is that, during development, all vertebrates initially feature a cone-dominated retina, and rods are added later [2, 3]. By studying the ontogeny of vision in three species of deep-sea fishes, we show that their larvae express cone-specific genes in photoreceptors with rod-like morphologies.

The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Self-Reported Psychological Distress among United States Adults Post-COVID-19 Pandemic.

Psychological distress, an emotional condition with symptoms of anxiety and depression, leads to impaired function, behavior, and personal traits. The current study examined the association between social determinants of health and the severity of psychological distress among adults in the United States after the COVID-19 pandemic. Using multinomial multivariable logistic regression, we analyzed data from 5106 ( = 5106) participants in the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 6.

Food Banks as a "Treasure Trove": Users' Experiences of a Western Australian Food Relief Organization.

Food banks are providing crucial relief as food insecurity increases worldwide. While these services are essential for vulnerable populations, there is variability in foods available and users may experience poor nutritional quality, and an overabundance of discretionary foods, contributing to public health risks including overnutrition and obesity. Understanding how customers perceive food availability, variety, and quality is important to inform relief services and health interventions.

Patient preference of level I, II and III sleep diagnostic tests to diagnose obstructive sleep apnoea among pregnant women in early to mid-gestation.

Purpose: There is a paucity of data on preferences for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) diagnostic tests during pregnancy. Simple test completion rates fail to capture patient preference or experience of completing sleep diagnostic tests. We assessed preference, ease of use, convenience, and the repeatability of level I, II and III sleep diagnostic tests, using questionnaires, in pregnant women in early to mid-gestation.

Release: The acupuncture clinic as a therapeutic, health-enabling place.

This paper critically reappraises the work of Wilbert Gesler (1992) on 'therapeutic landscapes' to explore the dual role of the acupuncture clinic as experienced by couples undergoing fertility treatment. Drawing on qualitative research in Ireland, I argue that the acupuncture clinic acts as a therapeutic space in two senses. First, the patient-acupuncturist relationship contributes to patient emotional support and wellbeing, with the clinic providing emotional sanctuary.

A comprehensive assessment of a prototype high ratio antiscatter grid in interventional cardiology using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations.

. To assess the performance of a new antiscatter grid design in interventional cardiology for image quality improvement and dose reduction using experimental measurements and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation.Experimental measurements were performed on an angiography system, using a multi-layered tissue simulating composite phantom made from of poly(methyl methacrylate), aluminium and expanded polystyrene (2/0.

Limited impact of adding digital breast tomosynthesis to full field digital mammography in an elevated breast cancer risk population.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of adding digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) to full field digital mammography (FFDM) in screening asymptomatic women with an elevated breast cancer life time risk (BCLTR) but without known genetic mutation.

Methods: This IRB-approved single-institution multi-reader study on prospectively acquired FFDM + DBT images included 429 asymptomatic women (39-69y) with an elevated BC risk on their request form. The BCLTR was calculated for each patient using the IBISrisk calculator v8.

Evaluating possible 'next day' impairment in insomnia patients administered an oral medicinal cannabis product by night: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Cannabis and its major constituents, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), are being widely used to treat sleep disturbances. However, THC can cause acute cognitive and psychomotor impairment and there are concerns that driving and workplace safety might be compromised the day after evening use. Here, we examined possible 'next day' impairment following evening administration of a typical medicinal cannabis oil in adults with insomnia disorder, compared to matched placebo.