Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of maralixibat in adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Open-label pilot study.

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is frequently associated with pruritus, which significantly impairs quality of life. Maralixibat is a selective ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor that lowers circulating bile acid (BA) levels and reduces pruritus in cholestatic liver diseases. This is the first proof-of-concept study of IBAT inhibition in PSC.

Exposure-response analysis of acalabrutinib and its active metabolite, ACP-5862, in patients with B-cell malignancies.

Aims: Examine relationships between the systemic exposure of acalabrutinib, a highly selective, next-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and its active metabolite (ACP-5862) vs. efficacy and safety responses in patients with B-cell malignancies who received acalabrutinib as monotherapy or in combination with obinutuzumab.

Methods: For exposure-efficacy analyses, patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were assessed for best overall response, progression-free survival and tumour regression.

Reconsidering the age thresholds for type II diabetes screening in the U.S.

Background: Type II diabetes and its complications can sometimes be prevented, if identified and treated early. One fifth of diabetics in the U.S.

Airway microbiota and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suboptimally controlled asthma.

Background: Improvement in lung function after macrolide antibiotic therapy has been attributed to reduction in bronchial infection by specific bacteria. However, the airway might be populated by a more diverse microbiota, and clinical features of asthma might be associated with characteristics of the airway microbiota present.

Objective: We sought to determine whether relationships exist between the composition of the airway bacterial microbiota and clinical features of asthma using culture-independent tools capable of detecting the presence and relative abundance of most known bacteria.

Airway microbiota and pathogen abundance in age-stratified cystic fibrosis patients.

Bacterial communities in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are, as in other ecological niches, influenced by autogenic and allogenic factors. However, our understanding of microbial colonization in younger versus older CF airways and the association with pulmonary function is rudimentary at best. Using a phylogenetic microarray, we examine the airway microbiota in age stratified CF patients ranging from neonates (9 months) to adults (72 years).

Polymorphisms in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type III secretion protein, PcrV - implications for anti-PcrV immunotherapy.

The type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, responsible for acute infection, is composed of over twenty proteins that facilitate cytotoxin injection directly into host cells. Integral to this process is production and secretion of PcrV. Administration of a recently developed, anti-PcrV immunoglobulin, either as a therapeutic or prophylactic has previously demonstrated efficacy against laboratory strains of P.

Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids are associated with increased mortality in a cohort of patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations are found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. The authors hypothesized that PAI-1 concentrations were associated with increased mortality in patients with either Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ventilator-associated pneumonia or tracheobronchial colonization.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study, daily aspirates from intubated patients were cultured for P.