Implementation of CDC Guidelines for Recess: A Formative Research Study.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes recess as an essential part of overall child development in schools, impacting children's cognitive, socioemotional and physical health and development. However, recess is often removed from the school curriculum in exchange for more classroom activities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and SHAPE America developed Strategies for Recess in Schools to promote high-quality recess through specific actions, yet is not known how these are successfully implemented, particularly, in underserved settings.

Comparison of Characteristics of Deaths From Drug Overdose Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Rhode Island.

Importance: The rate of deaths from overdose has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent US overdose mortality rates have been markedly high. However, scant data are available on the causes of this increase or subpopulations at elevated risk.

Objective: To evaluate the rates and characteristics of deaths from drug overdose before vs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

VOICES: An efficacious trauma-informed, gender-responsive cannabis use intervention for justice and school-referred girls with lifetime substance use history.

Background: Girls have unique developmental pathways to substance use and justice system involvement, warranting gender-responsive intervention. We tested the efficacy of VOICES (a 12-session, weekly trauma-informed, gender-responsive substance use intervention) in reducing substance use and HIV/STI risk behaviors among justice- and school-referred girls.

Methods: Participants were 113 girls (M = 15.

Arthroscopic Centralization for Lateral Meniscal Injuries Reduces Laxity in the Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Reconstructed Knee.

Background: A lateral meniscal (LM) disorder is one factor that causes rotational laxity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). There are different types of irreparable meniscal disorders, one of which is a massive meniscal defect.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the kinematic effects of arthroscopic centralization on an irreparable LM defect.

ACL graft with extra-cortical fixation rotates around the femoral tunnel aperture during knee flexion.

Purpose: An understanding of the behavior of a new ACL graft in the femoral tunnel during knee motion and external loading can provide information pertinent to graft healing, tunnel enlargement, and graft failure. The purpose of the study was to measure the percentage of the tunnel filled by the graft and determine the amount and location of the graft-tunnel contact with knee motion and under external knee loads.

Methods: Single bundle anatomical ACL reconstruction was performed on six cadaveric knees.

Targeting community-based naloxone distribution using opioid overdose death rates: A descriptive analysis of naloxone rescue kits and opioid overdose deaths in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

Background: Rates of fatal opioid overdose in Massachusetts (MA) and Rhode Island (RI) far exceed the national average. Community-based opioid education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs are effective public health interventions to prevent overdose deaths. We compared naloxone distribution and opioid overdose death rates in MA and RI to identify priority communities for expanded OEND.

Toxicological and pharmacologic sex differences in unintentional or undetermined opioid overdose death.

Intro: Understanding sex differences in toxicological etiologies of opioid-related drug overdose death could inform future sex- and gender-specific approaches to prevention and treatment.

Methods: A retrospective review of accidental or undetermined opioid-involved overdose deaths in Rhode Island 2016-2019 was performed using the Rhode Island Department of Health State Unintentional Drug Overdose Reporting System (SUDORS) database. Decedent toxicology data was linked with state Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) records.

Insights from an Intervention to Support Early Career Faculty with Extraprofessional Caregiving Responsibilities.

Insufficient support for balancing career and family responsibilities hinders retention of physician-scientists. Programs to improve retention of this important group of faculty are crucial. Understanding the experiences of program implementers is key to refining and improving program offerings.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Antimicrobial Duration for Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbation Treatment.

People with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience acute worsening of respiratory symptoms and lung function known as pulmonary exacerbations. Treatment with intravenous antimicrobials is common; however, there is scant evidence to support a standard treatment duration. To test differing durations of intravenous antimicrobials for CF exacerbations.

Bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk provides self-sustaining profibrotic signals in pulmonary fibrosis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the prototypic progressive fibrotic lung disease with a median survival of 2 to 4 years. Injury to and/or dysfunction of the alveolar epithelium is strongly implicated in IPF disease initiation, but the factors that determine whether fibrosis progresses rather than normal tissue repair occurs remain poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells augments transforming growth factor-β-induced profibrogenic responses in underlying lung fibroblasts via paracrine signaling.

The utility of evaluation in optimizing implementation and improvement of HIV prevention programming.

The objective of this article is to describe Project PrIDE (PrEP Implementation, Data to Care, and Evaluation) through the lens of Evaluation Utilization and provide examples of how twelve funded health departments (HD) utilized evaluation findings to make decisions related to improving PrEP awareness and uptake, and/or enhancing capacity for data to care (D2C) activities. Each HD conducted a local evaluation (LE) and reported ongoing and planned utilization of evaluation findings in the final LE reports. Information from all reports was abstracted for qualitative analysis to identify main evaluation utilization themes.

Reaching racial/ethnic and sexual and gender minorities with HIV prevention information via social marketing.

The Pre-exposure Prophylaxis, Data to Care, Implementation, and Evaluation (PrIDE) multi-site demonstration project utilized a cluster evaluation approach and identified six funding recipients that evaluated similar media evaluation questions (Baltimore, Los Angeles County, Lousiana, Michigan, New York City, and Virginia). All of the evaluated social marketing campaigns were developed in collaboration with health department staff, external marketing firms, and community advisory boards (CAB) aiming to produce changes in PrEP outcomes by reaching racial/ethnic and sexual and gender minorities. Jurisdictions demonstrated changes in PrEP awareness, knowledge, willingness to take PrEP, and/or PrEP literacy following initiation of the campaigns.

Gaps in global wildlife trade monitoring leave amphibians vulnerable.

As the biodiversity crisis continues, we must redouble efforts to understand and curb pressures pushing species closer to extinction. One major driver is the unsustainable trade of wildlife. Trade in internationally regulated species gains the most research attention, but this only accounts for a minority of traded species and we risk failing to appreciate the scale and impacts of unregulated legal trade.

Improving health equity and ending the HIV epidemic in the USA: a distributional cost-effectiveness analysis in six cities.

Background: In the USA, Black and Hispanic or Latinx individuals continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. Applying a distributional cost-effectiveness framework, we estimated the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact of two combination implementation approaches to identify the approach that best meets the dual objectives of improving population health and reducing racial or ethnic health disparities.

Methods: We adapted a dynamic, compartmental HIV transmission model to characterise HIV micro-epidemics in six US cities: Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and Seattle.

The Role of Caspase-12 in Retinal Bystander Cell Death and Innate Immune Responses against MCMV Retinitis.

(1) Background: caspase-12 is activated during cytomegalovirus retinitis, although its role is presently unclear. (2) Methods: (KO) or (WT) mice were immunosup eyes were analyzed by plaque assay, TUNEL assay, immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and real-time PCR. (3) Results: increased retinitis and a more extensive virus spread were detected in the retina of infected eyes of KO mice compared to WT mice at day 14 p.

Machine learning takes a village: Assessing neighbourhood-level vulnerability for an overdose and infectious disease outbreak.

Background: Multiple areas in the United States of America (USA) are experiencing high rates of overdose and outbreaks of bloodborne infections, including HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV), due to non-sterile injection drug use. We aimed to identify neighbourhoods at increased vulnerability for overdose and infectious disease outbreaks in Rhode Island, USA. The primary aim was to pilot machine learning methods to identify which neighbourhood-level factors were important for creating "vulnerability assessment scores" across the state.

Lots of movement, little progress: a review of reptile home range literature.

Reptiles are the most species-rich terrestrial vertebrate group with a broad diversity of life history traits. Biotelemetry is an essential methodology for studying reptiles as it compensates for several limitations when studying their natural history. We evaluated trends in terrestrial reptile spatial ecology studies focusing upon quantifying home ranges for the past twenty years.

Prevalence and Correlates of Self-Injurious Behaviors Among Justice-Involved Youth.

An estimated one in five adolescents exhibit self-injurious behavior (SIB), which poses serious public health concerns. The present analysis aims to describe the prevalence and correlates of lifetime SIB among first-time offending court-involved nonincarcerated youth. Baseline data from 412 youth enrolled in Epidemiological Project Involving Children in the Court (EPICC), a longitudinal cohort study, were analyzed to identify the prevalence and correlates of lifetime SIB.

Cyclic strain enhances the early stage mineral nucleation and the modulus of demineralized bone matrix.

The adaptive response of bones to mechanical loading is essential for musculoskeletal development. Despite the importance of collagen in bone mineralization, little is known about how cyclic strain influences physicochemical responses of collagen, especially at the early stage of mineralization when the levels of strain are higher than those in mature bones. The findings in this study show that, without any cell-mediated activity, cyclic strain increases nucleation rates of calcium phosphate (CaP) nanocrystals in highly-organized collagen matrices.

Citizen science and online data: Opportunities and challenges for snake ecology and action against snakebite.

The secretive behavior and life history of snakes makes studying their biology, distribution, and the epidemiology of venomous snakebite challenging. One of the most useful, most versatile, and easiest to collect types of biological data are photographs, particularly those that are connected with geographic location and date-time metadata. Photos verify occurrence records, provide data on phenotypes and ecology, and are often used to illustrate new species descriptions, field guides and identification keys, as well as in training humans and computer vision algorithms to identify snakes.

The prospective impact of adverse childhood experiences on justice-involved youth's psychiatric symptoms and substance use.

Objective: Justice-involved youth report high rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) and are at high risk for elevated behavioral health needs (i.e., substance use, psychiatric symptoms).

Supervised Injection Facilities as Harm Reduction: A Systematic Review.

Context: Supervised injection facilities are harm reduction interventions that allow people who inject drugs to use previously obtained substances under the supervision of health professionals. Although currently considered illegal under U.S.

Sigma 1 Receptor Co-Localizes with NRF2 in Retinal Photoreceptor Cells.

Sigma 1 receptor (Sig1R), a modulator of cell survival, has emerged as a novel target for retinal degenerative disease. Studies have shown that activation of Sig1R, using the high affinity ligand (+)-pentazocine ((+)-PTZ), improves cone function in a severe retinopathy model. The rescue is accompanied by normalization of levels of NRF2, a key transcription factor that regulates the antioxidant response.

Retinal and Choroidal Pathologies in Aged BALB/c Mice Following Systemic Neonatal Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection.

Although pathologies associated with acute virus infections have been extensively studied, the effects of long-term latent virus infections are less well understood. Human cytomegalovirus, which infects 50% to 80% of humans, is usually acquired during early life and persists in a latent state for the lifetime. The purpose of this study was to determine whether systemic murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection acquired early in life disseminates to and becomes latent in the eye and if ocular MCMV can trigger in situ inflammation and occurrence of ocular pathology.