Publications by authors named "Marsha Hardy"

This chapter summarizes the sex- and gender-specific diagnosis and treatment of acute/unstable presentations and nacute/stable presentations of cardiovascular disease in women. Guidelines, scientific statements, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and primary research studies related to diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), valvular heart disease, and heart failure in women were reviewed. The evidence is summarized as a narrative, and when available, sex- and gender-specific practice and research recommendations are provided.

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Article Synopsis
  • Women face distinct sex- and gender-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that change throughout their lives, including conditions like pregnancy complications and menopause.
  • Autoimmune disorders are more common in women and contribute to their increased risk of CVD, while traditional risk factors like obesity and hypertension affect women more severely than men.
  • The chapter aims to identify these unique risk factors and improve understanding and treatment strategies for CVD in women.
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In recent years, public awareness campaigns have targeted knowledge gaps and inequities in care while focusing on the unique female experience and heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile. Recognizing and understanding the sex and gender constructs, barriers, facilitators, and factors that affect access, treatment, and recovery after an acute cardiac event from the unique patient perspective is a key step in transforming clinical practice and care patterns. The aim of this atlas chapter is to provide a knowledge review and to identify gaps regarding the experience of living with CVD from the perspective of the female survivor.

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