Pellino-1 Regulates the Responses of the Airway to Viral Infection.

Exposure to respiratory pathogens is a leading cause of exacerbations of airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pellino-1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known to regulate virally-induced inflammation. We wished to determine the role of Pellino-1 in the host response to respiratory viruses in health and disease.

Meal skipping and cognition along a spectrum of restrictive eating.

Objective: Inadequate nutrition adversely impacts brain development and cognitive functioning (Pollitt et al., 1983). Studies examining the acute impact of eating regular meals on cognition have reported inconsistent findings, necessitating the exploration of individual differences in samples contributing to equivocal results.

Cheaters claim they knew the answers all along.

Cheating has become commonplace in academia and beyond. Yet, almost everyone views themselves favorably, believing that they are honest, trustworthy, and of high integrity. We investigate one possible explanation for this apparent discrepancy between people's actions and their favorable self-concepts: People who cheat on tests believe that they knew the answers all along.

Novel Missense Mutations Associated with Infantile-Onset Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy.

The gene encodes the low-voltage-activated Ca3.1 channel, which is expressed in various areas of the CNS, including the cerebellum. We studied two missense variants, p.

Project CHOICE: Choosing healthy options in coping with emotions, an EMA/EMI plus in-person intervention for alcohol use.

Emerging adulthood (18-25 years) represents a risky time for mental health and substance use. Emerging adults are particularly susceptible to problematic patterns of substance use, especially if they experience anxiety and/or depression and use substances as a way to cope with such issues. However, many mental health treatments do not address substance use.

An ecological momentary assessment of mood, coping and alcohol use among emerging adults in psychiatric treatment.

: Emerging adulthood is a critical period for the onset of both mental health disorders and problematic alcohol use. Coping strategies can play an important role in mitigating the onset and progression of these conditions in emerging adulthood. The current study examined daily mood, coping strategy use, and alcohol use during an individualized, ecological momentary intervention (EMI).

Menstruation: science and society.

Women's health concerns are generally underrepresented in basic and translational research, but reproductive health in particular has been hampered by a lack of understanding of basic uterine and menstrual physiology. Menstrual health is an integral part of overall health because between menarche and menopause, most women menstruate. Yet for tens of millions of women around the world, menstruation regularly and often catastrophically disrupts their physical, mental, and social well-being.

Aged heterozygous Cdkl5 mutant mice exhibit spontaneous epileptic spasms.

CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset epilepsy, severe intellectual disability, cortical visual impairment and motor disabilities. Epilepsy is a central feature of CDD, with most patients having intractable seizures, but seizure frequency and severity can vary. Clinical reports demonstrate a diversity in seizure semiology and electrographic features, with no pattern diagnostic of CDD.

Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in the Hospital Is Associated With Linkage to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care for Persons Living With HIV and Substance Use Disorder.

Background: Studies have demonstrated benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on the day of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing or at first clinical visit. The hospital setting is understudied for immediate ART initiation.

Methods: CTN0049, a linkage-to-care randomized clinical trial, enrolled 801 persons living with HIV (PLWH) and substance use disorder (SUD) from 11 hospitals across the United States.

Evoked Potentials and EEG Analysis in Rett Syndrome and Related Developmental Encephalopathies: Towards a Biomarker for Translational Research.

Rett syndrome is a debilitating neurodevelopmental disorder for which no disease-modifying treatment is available. Fortunately, advances in our understanding of the genetics and pathophysiology of Rett syndrome has led to the development of promising new therapeutics for the condition. Several of these therapeutics are currently being tested in clinical trials with others likely to progress to clinical trials in the coming years.

Viperin: An ancient radical SAM enzyme finds its place in modern cellular metabolism and innate immunity.

Viperin plays an important and multifaceted role in the innate immune response to viral infection. Viperin is also notable as one of very few radical SAM-dependent enzymes present in higher animals; however, the enzyme appears broadly conserved across all kingdoms of life, which suggests that it represents an ancient defense mechanism against viral infections. Although viperin was discovered some 20 years ago, only recently was the enzyme's structure determined and its catalytic activity elucidated.

Evaluating alcohol demand, craving, and depressive symptoms among women in alcohol treatment.

Background: Depression and alcohol craving predict drinking and relapse rates among alcohol treatment seekers. Alcohol demand, or one's valuation of alcohol may be another determinant of drinking. There is little known about alcohol demand and its association with depression, craving, and drinking among treatment-seeking adults.

Comparison of Core Features in Four Developmental Encephalopathies in the Rett Natural History Study.

Objective: Rett syndrome, CDKL5-deficiency disorder, FOXG1 disorder, and MECP2 duplication disorder are developmental encephalopathies with shared and distinct features. Although they are historically linked, no direct comparison has been performed. The first head-to-head comparison of clinical features in these conditions is presented.

Comparative effectiveness of hysterectomy versus myomectomy on one-year health-related quality of life in women with uterine fibroids.

Objective: To compare long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 1 year after hysterectomy or myomectomy for treatment of uterine fibroids (UFs) and to determine whether route of procedure, race, or age affected improvements in HRQOL.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Eight clinical sites throughout the United States.

Trends in Emergency Department Visits among Adolescents with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.

Study Objective: To explore trends over time in the utilization of the Emergency Department (ED) for adolescents with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting: Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD).

Structure-seeking as a psychological antecedent of beliefs about morality.

People differ in their beliefs about the objectivity of moral claims. We investigated a possible psychological antecedent that might be associated with people's beliefs about the objectivity of moral claims. More specifically, we examined the relationship between the endorsement of moral objectivism and one's need to see the world as structured, ordered, and predictable.

The Post-Pipeline Headache: New Headaches Following Flow Diversion for Intracranial Aneurysm.

Objective: Flow diversion using devices such as the "pipeline" stent is now a common treatment for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Though much is known about the efficacy of the device, less is reported regarding potential side effects. In this study, we report the frequency and characteristics of the "post-pipeline headache.

Comparison of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage Expansion and Outcomes Among Patients on Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin k Antagonists.

Background: With increasing use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and availability of new reversal agents, the risk of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) requires better understanding. We compared hemorrhage expansion rates, mortality, and morbidity following tICH in patients treated with vitamin k antagonists (VKA: warfarin) and DOACs (apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients from 2010 to 2017 was performed to identify patients with imaging diagnosis of acute traumatic intraparenchymal, subdural, subarachnoid, and epidural hemorrhage with preadmission use of DOACs or VKAs.

Targeting viperin to the mitochondrion inhibits the thiolase activity of the trifunctional enzyme complex.

Understanding the mechanisms by which viruses evade host cell immune defenses is important for developing improved antiviral therapies. In an unusual twist, human cytomegalovirus co-opts the antiviral radical SAM enzyme viperin (virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible) to enhance viral infectivity. This process involves translocation of viperin to the mitochondrion, where it binds the β-subunit (HADHB) of the mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme complex that catalyzes thiolysis of β-ketoacyl-CoA esters as part of fatty acid β-oxidation.

Interactions between Viperin, Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein A, and Hepatitis C Virus Protein NS5A Modulate Viperin Activity and NS5A Degradation.

The radical SAM enzyme, viperin, exerts a wide range of antiviral effects through both the synthesis of the antiviral nucleotide 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-CTP (ddhCTP) and through its interactions with various cellular and viral proteins. Here we investigate the interaction of viperin with hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and the host sterol regulatory protein, vesicle-associated membrane protein A (VAP-33). NS5A and VAP-33 form part of the viral replication complex that is essential for replicating the RNA genome of the hepatitis C virus.

Epilepsy Benchmarks Area I: Understanding the Causes of the Epilepsies and Epilepsy-Related Neurologic, Psychiatric, and Somatic Conditions.

The 2014 NINDS Benchmarks for Epilepsy Research included area I: Understand the causes of the epilepsies and epilepsy-related neurologic, psychiatric, and somatic conditions. In preparation for the 2020 Curing Epilepsies Conference, where the Benchmarks will be revised, this review will cover scientific progress toward that Benchmark, with emphasize on studies since 2016.

Epidemiology and management of uterine fibroids.

Uterine leiomyomas are one of the most common and yet understudied diseases in women. These tumors, commonly known as fibroids, affect women mainly during their reproductive years and are diagnosed in up to 70% of white women and more than 80% of women of African ancestry during their lifetime. This disease has a profound impact on health care delivery and costs worldwide.

GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND): clinical and molecular insights into a NuRD-related disorder.

Purpose: Determination of genotypic/phenotypic features of GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder (GAND).

Methods: Fifty GAND subjects were evaluated to determine consistent genotypic/phenotypic features. Immunoprecipitation assays utilizing in vitro transcription-translation products were used to evaluate GATAD2B missense variants' ability to interact with binding partners within the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex.